Multifaceted impulsivity as a moderator of social anxiety and cannabis use during pregaming.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Davis JP
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7814868 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Multifaceted impulsivity as a moderator of social anxiety and cannabis use during pregaming.
Davis Jordan P JP Christie Nina C NC Pakdaman Sheila S Hummer Justin F JF DeLeon Jessenia J Clapp John D JD Pedersen Eric R ER
Journal of anxiety disorders 20200928
Individuals may drink or use cannabis to cope with social anxiety, and drinking or using cannabis prior to social situations (e.g., pregaming) may be a way to limit the experience of anxiety when entering social settings. However, theoretical and empirical work has reported mixed associations between social anxiety and substance use, specifically alcohol and cannabis. Little work has looked at how other variables, such as impulsivity (a central component to high risk drinking such as pregaming), ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundIndividuals with anxiety/depression may impulsively use cannabis to acutely induce positive affect and attenuate aversive mood states. However, few studies have attempted to parse impulsivity displayed by anxious/depressed cannabis users. This investigation examined what aspects of impulsivity characterize those individuals using self-report and functional MRI (fMRI) measures.MethodsIndividuals with any lifetime anxiety/depression diagnoses and problematic cannabis use ("Anx/Dep+CB"; n=42) were compared to a propensity score-matched group with very low cannabis use ("Anx/Dep-lowCB"; n=42), and a healthy control group (n=37). Impulsivity was measured using the UPPS-P Impulsivity Questionnaire and the Stop Signal Task (SST) during fMRI. For UPPS-P, regression models estimated group-by-impulsivity subscale interactions with post-hoc pairwise tests. For the SST, similar regression models were estimated with four a-priori regions of interest (ROIs; right opercularis, orbitalis, dorsal and ventral anterior insula) during stop-success and stop-failure processing. Null SST findings were followed up using Bayes factor analysis to quantify the evidence in support of the null hypothesis.ResultsFor the UPPS-P, a significant group-by-subscale interaction indicated that the Anx/Dep+CB group exhibited higher levels of impulsivity on the negative- and positive-urgency subscales relative to both comparison groups. Higher negative-urgency correlated with heavier lifetime cannabis use across groups. For the SST, there were no ROI task activation differences. Bayes factor analysis determined the null findings were at least three times more likely than the alternative hypothesis for all ROIs.ConclusionsImpulsivity under periods of heightened affect, but not motor response inhibitions, characterized anxious/depressed individuals who use cannabis.
| S-EPMC7736515 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Study objectivesCannabis use is common among young adults and has been proposed as a potential treatment for insomnia. However, controlled studies examining the impact of cannabis use on insomnia symptoms are rare. This secondary analysis of published trial data tested cannabis use during cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia (CBT-I) as a moderator of treatment efficacy.MethodsYoung adults (ages 18-30 years) who reported past-month binge drinking (4/5+ drinks for women/men) and met diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder were randomized to CBT-I (n = 28) or sleep hygiene (n = 28) groups. Interaction effects were tested using multilevel models. Outcomes included insomnia severity, actigraphy-assessed sleep efficiency, diary-assessed sleep quality, drinking quantity, and alcohol-related consequences.ResultsTwenty-six participants (46%; 12 in the sleep hygiene group and 14 in the CBT-I group) reported using cannabis during the treatment phase of the study, on an average of 23% of treatment days (range, 3%-100%). Relative to those who did not use cannabis, participants who used cannabis during treatment reported heavier drinking and more frequent cigarette use. Approximately 1 in 4 cannabis users (27%) reported using cannabis to help with sleep; however, cannabis users and nonusers did not differ in the use of alcohol as a sleep aid. Controlling for sex, race, drinking quantity, cigarette use, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of anxiety, use of cannabis during treatment did not moderate CBT-I effects on insomnia severity (b, -.002; p = .99) or other outcomes (all p > .20).ConclusionsCBT-I is effective in reducing insomnia symptoms among young adult drinkers with insomnia, regardless of cannabis use.Clinical trial registrationRegistry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: The Insomnia Treatment and Problems (iTAP) Study; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03627832; Identifier: NCT03627832.CitationMiller MB, Carpenter RW, Freeman LK, Curtis AF, Yurasek AM, McCrae CS. Cannabis use as a moderator of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(4):1047-1054.
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| S-EPMC8353596 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and aimsCannabis and alcohol are the most commonly used (il)licit drugs world-wide. We compared the effects of cannabis and alcohol use on within-person changes in impulsivity, hostility and positive affect at the momentary and daily levels, as they occurred in daily life.DesignObservational study involving ecological momentary assessments collected via electronic diaries six random times a day for 28 consecutive days.SettingOut-patients' everyday life contexts in Columbia, MO, USA.ParticipantsNinety-three adult psychiatric out-patients (85% female; mean = 30.9 years old) with borderline personality or depressive disorders, who reported using only cannabis (n = 3), only alcohol (n = 58) or both (n = 32) at least once during the study period.MeasurementsReal-time, standard self-report measures of impulsivity, hostility and positive affect, as impacted by momentary reports of cannabis and alcohol use.FindingsCannabis use was associated with elevated feelings of impulsivity at the day level [b = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.17-1.49] and increased hostility at the momentary (b = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.01-0.12) and person (b = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.15-1.47) level. Alcohol use was associated with elevated feelings of impulsivity at the momentary (b = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.13-0.71) and day levels (b = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.22-1.41) and increased positive affect at the momentary (b = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.06-0.18) and day (b = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.16-0.49) levels.ConclusionsCannabis and alcohol use are associated with increases in impulsivity (both), hostility (cannabis) and positive affect (alcohol) in daily life, and these effects are part of separate processes that operate on different time-scales (i.e. momentary versus daily).
| S-EPMC5056804 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectivesAnxiety sensitivity, or fear of anxious arousal, may be an important risk factor for problematic cannabis use. Specifically, anxiety sensitivity may motivate cannabis use to cope with distress, particularly among trauma-exposed individuals. The current study tested associations among anxiety sensitivity, its subdomains, and cannabis use motives in a sample of trauma-exposed cannabis users. We hypothesized elevated anxiety sensitivity, particularly cognitive concerns, would be associated with increased maladaptive coping use motives, after covarying for the number of traumas and cannabis use quantity.MethodHypotheses were tested in a cross-sectional study of trauma-exposed young adult cannabis users (N = 56) (Mage = 20.7 years, 59% women, 73% white). Participants completed self-report measures, and a clinical interview assessing cannabis use quantity.ResultsMultiple regression analyses indicated that elevated anxiety sensitivity was associated with increased cannabis use coping motives, after covarying for the number of traumas experienced and cannabis use quantity. Specifically, higher levels of anxiety sensitivity cognitive and social concerns were associated with coping motives for cannabis use.Discussion and conclusionsAnxiety sensitivity, particularly concerns about cognitive dyscontrol and negative social evaluations of anxious arousal, may motivate cannabis use to cope with stress among trauma-exposed cannabis users. Future research should include prospective studies with diverse samples to replicate results and determine whether intervening on anxiety sensitivity could reduce maladaptive coping motives for cannabis use.Scientific significanceThe current study replicates prior research indicating anxiety sensitivity, particularly cognitive concerns, is associated with maladaptive cannabis use. Expanding on prior research, findings indicated anxiety sensitivity is associated with coping motives for cannabis use among trauma-exposed cannabis users.
| S-EPMC9117414 | biostudies-literature
Project description:While cannabis is among the most used recreational drugs during pregnancy, the impact of maternal cannabis use (mCB) on fetal and child development remains unclear. Here, we assessed the effects of mCB on psychosocial and physiological measures in young children along with the potential relevance of the in-utero environment reflected in the placental transcriptome. Children (~3-6 years) were assessed for hair hormone levels, neurobehavioral traits on the behavioral assessment system for children (BASC-2) survey, and heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during auditory startle. For a subset of children with behavioral assessments, placental specimens collected at birth were processed for RNA-sequencing. Hair hormone analysis revealed increased cortisol levels in mCB children. In addition, mCB was associated with greater anxiety, aggression, and hyperactivity. Children with mCB also showed a reduction in the high frequency component of HRV at baseline, reflecting reduced vagal tone. In the placenta, there was reduced expression of many genes involved in immune system function including type I interferon, neutrophil, and cytokine signaling pathways. Furthermore, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) was among the many differentially expressed genes and inversely correlated with mCB. Finally, several of these mCB-linked immune genes organized into co-expression networks that correlated with child anxiety and hyperactivity. Overall, our findings reveal a relationship between mCB and immune response gene networks in placenta as a potential mediator of risk for anxiety-related problems in early childhood.
2021-11-01 | GSE179930 | GEO
Project description:ImportanceIt is unknown whether state recreational cannabis legalization (RCL) is related to increased rates of prenatal cannabis use or whether RCL-related changes vary with cannabis screening methods or the local policy environment.ObjectiveTo test whether RCL in California was associated with changes in prenatal cannabis use rates, whether changes were evident in both self-report and urine toxicology testing, and whether rates varied by local policies banning vs allowing adult-use retailers post-RCL.Design, setting, and participantsThis population-based time-series study used data from pregnancies in Kaiser Permanente Northern California universally screened for cannabis use during early pregnancy by self-report and toxicology testing from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019. Analyses were conducted from September 2022 to August 2024.ExposuresCalifornia state RCL passage (November 9, 2016) and implementation of legal sales (January 1, 2018) were examined with a 1-month lag. Local policies allowing vs banning medical retailers pre-RCL and adult-use retailers post-RCL were also examined.Main outcomes and measuresAny prenatal cannabis use was based on screening at entrance to prenatal care (typically at 8-10 weeks' gestation) and defined as (1) a positive urine toxicology test result or self-report, (2) a positive urine toxicology test result, or (3) self-report. Interrupted time series models were fit using Poisson regression, adjusting for age, race and ethnicity, and neighborhood deprivation index.ResultsThe sample of 300 993 pregnancies (236 327 unique individuals) comprised 25.9% Asian individuals, 6.4% Black individuals, 26.0% Hispanic individuals, 37.7% White individuals, and 4.1% individuals of other, multiple, or unknown race, with a mean (SD) age of 30.3 (5.4) years. Before RCL implementation, rates of prenatal cannabis use rose steadily from 4.5% in January 2012 to 7.1% in January 2018. There was no change in use rates at the time of RCL passage (level change rate ratio [RR], 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96-1.11) and a statistically significant increase in rates in the first month after RCL implementation, increasing to 8.6% in February 2018 (level change RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.16). Results were similar when defining prenatal cannabis use by (1) a toxicology test or (2) self-report. In local policy analyses, the post-RCL implementation increase in use was only found among those in jurisdictions allowing adult-use cannabis retailers (allowed RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10-1.33; banned RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93-1.10).Conclusions and relevanceIn this time-series study, RCL implementation in California was associated with an increase in rates of cannabis use during early pregnancy, defined by both self-report and toxicology testing, driven by individuals living in jurisdictions that allowed adult-use retailers.
| S-EPMC11530934 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pregaming represents a uniquely high-risk drinking event for young adults, and subfacets of impulsivity are robust predictors of alcohol use and related negative outcomes. Further, it is likely that pregame events contain social and physical stimuli that are particularly appealing for impulsive individuals, thus exacerbating risk for negative outcomes. However, no prior studies have investigated the extent to which impulsive personality traits interact with pregame events to confer alcohol-related risk. Thus, the present study examined the extent to which UPPS-P (urgency-perseverance-premeditation-sensation seeking-positive urgency) subfacets of impulsivity interact with the occurrence of pregaming to predict relations between pregaming, drinking quantity, and negative alcohol-related outcomes. College students (N = 737) completed a modified, online version of the 30-day Timeline Followback in which they reported drinking quantity, negative consequences, and whether they engaged in pregaming on a given day. Results indicated that sensation seeking and a lack of premeditation moderated relations between pregaming and drinking quantity such that those who are higher in sensation seeking and lower in their ability to plan ahead drank more on pregaming days. Sensation seeking and positive urgency moderated relations between pregaming and negative consequences such that those who are higher in positive urgency experience more consequences on pregaming days whereas those who are higher in sensation seeking experience less consequences. Future studies may benefit from more granular assessments of pregame-related risk as subfacets of impulsivity may confer momentary risk. Prevention efforts targeting the reduction of pregaming frequency, particularly among impulsive individuals, may lower overall risk for heavy drinking. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
| S-EPMC11238706 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveImpulsivity is an established etiological risk factor for alcohol- and cannabis-related outcomes. However, limited work has focused on longitudinal associations between multiple trait impulsivity facets and indices of alcohol and cannabis use among military veterans-a contextually distinct population that evidence unique impulsive personality traits and substance use patterns.MethodA structural equation model (SEM) examined longitudinal associations between five UPPS-P impulsivity facets measured at baseline and six indices of alcohol and cannabis use (i.e., frequency, quantity, and problems) measured at 1-year follow-up among 361 returning Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) veterans.ResultsFindings indicated baseline sensation seeking was significantly positively associated with 1-year alcohol use frequency (β = .18); baseline negative urgency was positively associated with alcohol use problems (β = .31); and baseline lack of perseverance (β = .25) and sensation seeking (β = .21) were positively associated with 1-year cannabis use problems. None of the baseline impulsivity facets were associated with 1-year alcohol use quantity, cannabis use frequency, or cannabis use quantity.ConclusionsResults provide preliminary support that impulsivity may play a unique role in understanding alcohol- and cannabis-related problems over time among veterans. Further, results suggest that specific impulsivity facets are prospectively associated with cannabis problems (i.e., lack of perseverance and sensation seeking) and alcohol problems (i.e., negative urgency). Findings reinforce the importance of differentially evaluating impulsivity-substance use associations within contextually distinct populations (e.g., adolescent, veteran), and highlight potentially meaningful intervention targets among veterans. However, replication is needed with stronger temporal controls and more diverse veteran subsamples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
| S-EPMC9440156 | biostudies-literature