Ocular Drug Delivery to the Retina: Current Innovations and Future Perspectives.

ABSTRACT: Treatment options for retinal diseases, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vascular disorders, have markedly expanded following the development of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injection methods. However, because intravitreal treatment requires monthly or bimonthly repeat injections to achieve optimal efficacy, recent investigations have focused on extended drug delivery systems to lengthen the treatment intervals in the long term. Dose escalation and increasing molecular weight of drugs, intravitreal implants and nanoparticles, hydrogels, combined systems, and port delivery systems are presently under preclinical and clinical investigations. In addition, less invasive techniques rather than intravitreal administra

SUBMITTER: Kim HM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7830424 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature