Immunotherapy and Immunotherapy Combinations in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

ABSTRACT: Although most prostate cancers are localized, and the majority are curable, recurrences occur in approximately 35% of men. Among patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence and PSA doubling time (PSADT) less than 15 months after radical prostatectomy, prostate cancer accounted for approximately 90% of the deaths by 15 years after recurrence. An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and impaired cellular immunity are likely largely responsible for the limited utility of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in advanced prostate cancer compared with other tumor types. Thus, for immunologically "cold" malignancies such as prostate cancer, clinical trial development has pivoted towards novel approaches to enhance immune responses. Numerous clinical trials are currently evaluating

SUBMITTER: Bansal D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7831137 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature