Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study: prospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To evaluate the association between intakes of refined grains, whole grains, and white rice with cardiovascular disease, total mortality, blood lipids, and blood pressure in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

PURE study in 21 countries.

Participants

148 858 participants with median follow-up of 9.5 years.

Exposures

Country specific validated food frequency questionnaires were used to assess intakes of refined grains, whole grains, and white rice.

Main outcome measure

Composite of mortality or major cardiovascular events (defined as death from cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure). Hazard ratios were estimated for associations of g

SUBMITTER: Swaminathan S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7856570 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature