Dataset Information

A mouse model of stenosis distal to an arteriovenous fistula recapitulates human central venous stenosis.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Central venous stenosis (CVS) is a major cause of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. However, central veins are relatively inaccessible to study with conventional Doppler ultrasound methods. To understand mechanisms underlying AVF failure owing to CVS, an animal model was established that creates a stenosis distal to an AVF. We hypothesized that this mouse model will show comparable morphology and physiology to human CVS.

Methods

An aortocaval fistula was created between the distal aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC); a stenosis was then created distal to the fistula by partial IVC ligation. Sham-operated animals, AVF without venous stenosis, and venous stenosis without AVF were used as controls. Physiologic properties of the IVC, both upstream and downstream of the stenosis, or the corresponding sites in models without stenosis, were assessed with ultrasound examination on days 0 to 21. The spectral broadening index was measured to assess the degree of disturbed shear stress. The IVC was harvested at day 21 and specimens were analyzed with immunofluorescence.

Results

The IVC diameter of mice with an AVF and stenosis showed increased upstream (P = .013), but decreased downstream diameter (P = .001) compared with mice with an AVF but without a stenosis, at all postoperative times (days 3-21). IVC wall thickness increased in mice with an AVF, compared with IVC without an AVF (upstream of stenosis: 13.9 ?m vs 11.0 ?m vs 4.5 ?m vs 3.9 ?m; P = .020; downstream of stenosis: 6.0 ?m vs 6.6 ?m vs ?m 4.5 ?m vs 3.8 ?m; P = .002; AVF with stenosis, AVF, stenosis, sham, respectively). AVF patency significantly decreased in mice with an AVF and stenosis by day 21 (50% vs 90%; P = .048). The IVC of mice with AVF and stenosis showed a venous waveform with pulsatility as well as enhanced velocity at and downstream of the stenosis; similar waveforms were observed in a human case of CVS. Downstream to the stenosis, the spectral broadening index was significantly higher compared with mice with AVF alone (1.06 vs 0.78; P = .011; day 21), and there was a trend towards less immunoreactivity of both Krüppel-like factor 2 and phosphorylated-endothelial nitric oxide synthase compared with mice with an AVF alone.

Conclusions

Partial IVC ligation distal to a mouse aortocaval fistula alters the fistula diameter and wall thickness, decreases patency, and increases distal disturbed flow compared with fistulae without a distal stenosis. Our mouse model of stenosis distal to an AVF may be a faithful representation of human CVS that shows similar morphology and physiology, including disturbed shear stress.

SUBMITTER: Taniguchi R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7857464 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

A mouse model of stenosis distal to an arteriovenous fistula recapitulates human central venous stenosis.

Taniguchi Ryosuke R Ono Shun S Isaji Toshihiko T Gorecka Jolanta J Lee Shin-Rong SR Matsubara Yutaka Y Yatsula Bogdan B Koizumi Jun J Nishibe Toshiya T Hoshina Katsuyuki K Dardik Alan A

JVS-vascular science 20200728

<h4>Objective</h4>Central venous stenosis (CVS) is a major cause of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. However, central veins are relatively inaccessible to study with conventional Doppler ultrasound methods. To understand mechanisms underlying AVF failure owing to CVS, an animal model was established that creates a stenosis distal to an AVF. We hypothesized that this mouse model will show comparable morphology and physiology to human CVS.<h4>Methods</h4>An aortocaval fistula was created betwe ...[more]

PMID: 33543148

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Project description:In patients with severe kidney disease AVF are surgically placed in order to create good access for hemodialysis. In these dialysis patients the failure rates of AVF can be as high as 24% within 6 months after surgery, causing ineffective dialysis and necessitating additional clinical interventions. The pathological processes known to lead to AVF failure are beginning to be unravelled include the formation of venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNIH), thrombosis (Chang et al. PMID 16105066), and venous stenosis (Kanterman et al. PMID7892454, Tang et al. 1998), resulting in a reduced blood flow through the fistula. We established a rat model for AVF failure in human kidney dialysis patients. The characterization of this model has been previously described (Globerman et al. 2011, PubmedID:22002501). In this model the AVFs are surgically constructed in the right leg by connecting the superficial epigastric vein SEV to the common femoral artery (CFA), resulting in exposure of the SEV to arterial pressure with pulsatile and low resistant flow patterns (Globerman et al. 2011, PMID22002501). In the present study we utilized this AVF model in order to assess the effects of arterialized flow, with consequent pathological changes of the vessel wall due to surgical AVF instalment, on the transcriptome of endothelium from the SEV. Within the SEV these pathologies of the vessel wall include the formation of NIH in the main branch, and stenosis in the side branches. By employing this rat model we assessed the changes of the endothelial transcriptome in relation to these pathologies in order to gain mechanistic understanding of the potential roles of venous endothelium in AVF failure, as well as to identify potential biomarkers preceding AVF failure. AVF surgery was performed on N=6 rats, and 13-14 days after surgery the rats were sacrificed. AVFs were extracted from the rats, and microarray transcriptome analyses were performed on luminal endothelial cells that isolated from four different sites of the AVF by employing Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM). These sites included (i) N=5 AVF sections of the superficial epigastric vein (SEV) with neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), (ii) N=3 AVF sections of SEV side branches with luminal stenosis, (iii), N=6 sections of the SEV located distally from a ligation thereby omitting exposure to arterialized flow and consequently preventing the development of NIH or stenosis, and (iv) N=3 sections of the AVF common femoral artery without signs of NIH or stenosis.

Dataset Information

A mouse model of stenosis distal to an arteriovenous fistula recapitulates human central venous stenosis.

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

A mouse model of stenosis distal to an arteriovenous fistula recapitulates human central venous stenosis.

Similar Datasets

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