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Genetic characterization of a mild isolate of papaya ringspot virus type-P (PRSV-P) and assessment of its cross-protection potential under greenhouse and field conditions.

ABSTRACT: A mild isolate of Papaya ringspot virus type-P, abbreviated as PRSV-mild, from Ecuador was sequenced and characterized. The most distinguishing symptom induced by PRSV-mild was gray powder-like leaf patches radiating from secondary veins. In greenhouse experiments, PRSV-mild did not confer durable protection against a severe isolate of the virus (PRSV-sev), obtained from the same field. Furthermore, isolate specific detection in mixed-infected plants showed that PRSV-sev becomes dominant in infections, rendering PRSV-mild undetectable at 90-120 days post superinfection. Virus testing using isolate-specific primers detected PRSV-mild in two out of five surveyed provinces, with 10% and 48% of incidence in Santo Domingo and Los Ríos, respectively. Comparative genomics showed that PRSV-mild lacks two amino acids from the coat protein region, whereas amino acid determinants for asymptomatic phenotypes were not identified. Recombination events were not predicted in the genomes of the Ecuadorean isolates. Phylogenetic analyses placed both PRSV-mild and PRSV-sev in a clade that includes an additional PRSV isolate from Ecuador and others from South America.

SUBMITTER: Medina-Salguero AX

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7864462 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic characterization of a mild isolate of papaya ringspot virus type-P (PRSV-P) and assessment of its cross-protection potential under greenhouse and field conditions.

Medina-Salguero Andres X AX Cornejo-Franco Juan F JF Grinstead Sam S Mowery Joseph J Mollov Dimitre D Quito-Avila Diego F DF

PloS one 20210205 2

A mild isolate of Papaya ringspot virus type-P, abbreviated as PRSV-mild, from Ecuador was sequenced and characterized. The most distinguishing symptom induced by PRSV-mild was gray powder-like leaf patches radiating from secondary veins. In greenhouse experiments, PRSV-mild did not confer durable protection against a severe isolate of the virus (PRSV-sev), obtained from the same field. Furthermore, isolate specific detection in mixed-infected plants showed that PRSV-sev becomes dominant in infe ...[more]

PMID: 33544737

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Project description:Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a commercially important fruit crop cultivated worldwide due to its nutritional and medicinal values. Papaya ringspot disease (PRSD), caused by the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), poses a significant threat to papaya cultivation, resulting in substantial yield losses. In this study, two independent field experiments were conducted at Bagalkote located in the Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka state of India. The first experiment aimed to identify the optimal planting month for papaya to effectively manage PRSV disease. The second experiment was conducted to determine the susceptible papaya growth stage for PRSV infection. The results revealed that early planting of papaya in June or late planting in March were identified as the most optimal planting times across the majority of growth stages, as they exhibited the lowest disease incidence along with superior growth and yield characteristics compared to other planting months. In contrast, planting during the winter season (September to January) resulted in high disease severity due to an increased aphid population. Conversely, planting during periods of low aphid activity (spring season) delayed disease onset until the monsoon. By the time the aphid population increased, the plants had already progressed beyond the flowering and fruit-bearing stages. In the second experiment, the severity and frequency of foliar symptoms on PRSV-inoculated papaya plants were significantly higher in those inoculated at the early growth stage compared to those inoculated at a later growth stage. This indicates that the early growth stage (up to 180 days after transplanting) is a critical period for PRSV infection, necessitating the implementation of effective disease management measures during this time to minimize disease spread and enhance growth and yield. Furthermore, plants inoculated at the early stage exhibited a higher viral titer, more severe symptoms, and a higher percent transmission rate compared to those inoculated at a later stage. These findings were supported by qRT-PCR analysis, which demonstrated a highly significant and positive correlation between early inoculation and disease severity.

Project description:Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is a significant threat to global papaya cultivation, causing ringspot disease, and it belongs to the species Papaya ringspot virus, genus Potyvirus, and family Potyviridae. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and severity of papaya ringspot disease (PRSD) in major papaya-growing districts of Karnataka, India, from 2019 to 2021. The incidence of disease in the surveyed districts ranged from 50.5 to 100.0 percent, exhibiting typical PRSV symptoms. 74 PRSV infected samples were tested using specific primers in RT-PCR, confirming the presence of the virus. The complete genome sequence of a representative isolate (PRSV-BGK: OL677454) was determined, showing the highest nucleotide identity (nt) (95.8%) with the PRSV-HYD (KP743981) isolate from Telangana, India. It also shared an amino acid (aa) identity (96.5%) with the PRSV-Pune VC (MF405299) isolate from Maharashtra, India. Based on phylogenetic and species demarcation criteria, the PRSV-BGK isolate was considered a variant of the reported species and designated as PRSV-[IN:Kar:Bgk:Pap:21]. Furthermore, recombination analysis revealed four unique recombination breakpoint events in the genomic region, except for the region from HC-Pro to VPg, which is highly conserved. Interestingly, more recombination events were detected within the first 1710 nt, suggesting that the 5' UTR and P1 regions play an essential role in shaping the PRSV genome. To manage PRSD, a field experiment was conducted over two seasons, testing various treatments, including insecticides, biorationals, and a seaweed extract with micronutrients, alone or in combination. The best treatment involved eight sprays of insecticides and micronutrients at 30-day intervals, resulting in no PRSD incidence up to 180 days after transplanting (DAT). This treatment also exhibited superior growth, yield, and yield parameters, with the highest cost-benefit ratio (1:3.54) and net return. Furthermore, a module comprising 12 sprays of insecticides and micronutrients at 20-day intervals proved to be the most effective in reducing disease incidence and enhancing plant growth, flowering, and fruiting attributes, resulting in a maximized yield of 192.56 t/ha.

Dataset Information

Genetic characterization of a mild isolate of papaya ringspot virus type-P (PRSV-P) and assessment of its cross-protection potential under greenhouse and field conditions.

Publications

Genetic characterization of a mild isolate of papaya ringspot virus type-P (PRSV-P) and assessment of its cross-protection potential under greenhouse and field conditions.

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