Designing a sustainable closed-loop pharmaceutical supply chain in a competitive market considering demand uncertainty, manufacturer's brand and waste management.

ABSTRACT: Pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) is one of the most important healthcare supply chains and the recent pandemic (COVID-19) has completely proved it. Also, the environmental and social impacts of PSCs are undeniable due to the daily entrance of a large amount of pharmaceutical waste into the environment. However, studies on closed-loop PSCs (CLPSC) are rarely considered real-world requirements such as competition among diverse brands of manufacturers, the dependency of customers' demand on products' price and quality, and diverse reverse flows of end-of-life medicines. In this study, a scenario-based Multi-Objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model is developed to design a sustainable CLPSC, which investigates the reverse flows of expired medicines as three classes (must be disposed o

SUBMITTER: Sazvar Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7868907 | biostudies-literature | 2022

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature