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The actin-regulatory protein Hem-1 is essential for alveolar macrophage development.

ABSTRACT: Hematopoietic protein-1 (Hem-1) is a hematopoietic cell-specific actin-regulatory protein. Loss-of-function (LOF) variants in the NCKAP1L gene encoding Hem-1 have recently been found to result in primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) in humans, characterized by recurring respiratory infections, asthma, and high mortality. However, the mechanisms of how Hem-1 variants result in PID are not known. In this study, we generated constitutive and myeloid cell-specific Nckap1l-KO mice to dissect the importance of Hem-1 in lung immunity. We found that Hem-1-deficient mice accumulated excessive surfactant and cell debris in airways (pulmonary alveolar proteinosis) due to impaired development of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and reduced expression of the AM differentiation factor Pparg. Residual Hem-1-deficient AMs shifted to a proinflammatory phenotype, and Hem-1-deficient neutrophils and monocytes failed to migrate normally. Myeloid cell-specific Hem-1-deficient mice exhibited increased morbidity following influenza A virus or Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge. These results provide potential mechanisms for how LOF variants in Hem-1 result in recurring respiratory diseases.

SUBMITTER: Suwankitwat N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7894047 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The actin-regulatory protein Hem-1 is essential for alveolar macrophage development.

Suwankitwat Nutthakarn N Libby Stephen S Liggitt H Denny HD Avalos Alan A Ruddell Alanna A Rosch Jason W JW Park Heon H Iritani Brian M BM

The Journal of experimental medicine 20210401 4

Hematopoietic protein-1 (Hem-1) is a hematopoietic cell-specific actin-regulatory protein. Loss-of-function (LOF) variants in the NCKAP1L gene encoding Hem-1 have recently been found to result in primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) in humans, characterized by recurring respiratory infections, asthma, and high mortality. However, the mechanisms of how Hem-1 variants result in PID are not known. In this study, we generated constitutive and myeloid cell-specific Nckap1l-KO mice to dissect the im ...[more]

PMID: 33600594

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Project description:Macrophages depend on colony stimulating factor 1 (also known as M-CSF) for their growth and differentiation, but the requirements for intracellular signals that lead to macrophage differentiation and function remain unclear. M-CSF is known to activate ERK1 and ERK2, but the importance of this signaling pathway in macrophage development is unknown. In these studies, we characterized a novel model of Erk1(-/-) Erk2(flox/flox) Lyz2(Cre/Cre) mice in which the ERK2 isoform is deleted from macrophages in the background of global ERK1 deficiency. Cultures of M-CSF-stimulated bone marrow precursors from these mice yielded reduced numbers of macrophages. Whereas macrophages developing from M-CSF-stimulated bone marrow of Erk2(flox/flox) Lyz2(Cre/Cre) mice showed essentially complete loss of ERK2 expression, the reduced number of macrophages that develop from Erk1(-/-) Erk2(flox/flox) Lyz2(Cre/Cre) bone marrow show retention of ERK2 expression, indicating selective outgrowth of a small proportion of precursors in which Cre-mediated deletion failed to occur. The bone marrow of Erk1(-/-) Erk2(flox/flox) Lyz2(Cre/Cre) mice was enriched for CD11b+ myeloid cells, CD11b(hi) Gr-1(hi) neutrophils, Lin- c-Kit+ Sca-1+ hematopoietic stem cells, and Lin- c-Kit+ CD34+ CD16/32+ granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. Culture of bone marrow Lin- cells under myeloid-stimulating conditions yielded reduced numbers of monocytes. Collectively, these data indicate that the defect in production of macrophages is not due to a reduced number of progenitors, but rather due to reduced ability of progenitors to proliferate and produce macrophages in response to M-CSF-triggered ERK signaling. Macrophages from Erk1(-/-) Erk2(flox/flox) Lyz2(Cre/Cre) bone marrow showed reduced induction of M-CSF-regulated genes that depend on the ERK pathway for their expression. These data demonstrate that ERK1/ERK2 play a critical role in driving M-CSF-dependent proliferation of bone marrow progenitors for production of macrophages.

Project description:Two cDNAs, isolated from a Xenopus laevis embryonic library, encode proteins of 168 amino acids, both of which are 77% identical to chick cofilin and 66% identical to chick actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF), two structurally and functionally related proteins. These Xenopus ADF/cofilins (XADs) differ from each other in 12 residues spread throughout the sequence but do not differ in charge. Purified GST-fusion proteins have pH-dependent actin-depolymerizing and F-actin-binding activities similar to chick ADF and cofilin. Similarities in the developmental and tissue specific expression, embryonic localization, and in the cDNA sequence of the noncoding regions, suggest that the two XACs arise from allelic variants of the pseudotetraploid X. laevis. Immunofluorescence localization of XAC in oocyte sections with an XAC-specific monoclonal antibody shows it to be diffuse in the cortical cytoplasm. After fertilization, increased immunostaining is observed in two regions: along the membrane, particularly that of the vegetal hemisphere, and at the interface between the cortical and animal hemisphere cytoplasm. The cleavage furrow and the mid-body structure are stained at the end of first cleavage. Neuroectoderm derived tissues, notochord, somites, and epidermis stain heavily either continuously or transiently from stages 18-34. A phosphorylated form of XAC (pXAC) was identified by 2D Western blotting, and it is the only species found in oocytes. Dephosphorylation of >60% of the pXAC occurs within 30 min after fertilization. Injection of one blastomere at the 2 cell stage, either with constitutively active XAC or with an XAC inhibitory antibody, blocked cleavage of only the injected blastomere in a concentration-dependent manner without inhibiting nuclear division. The cleavage furrow of eggs injected with constitutively active XAC completely regressed. Blastomeres injected with neutralized antibody developed normally. These results suggest that XAC is necessary for cytokinesis and that its activity must be properly regulated for cleavage to occur.

Dataset Information

The actin-regulatory protein Hem-1 is essential for alveolar macrophage development.

Publications

The actin-regulatory protein Hem-1 is essential for alveolar macrophage development.

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