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Insect-plant relationships predict the speed of insecticide adaptation.

ABSTRACT: Herbivorous insects must circumvent the chemical defenses of their host plants and, in cropping systems, must also circumvent synthetic insecticides. The pre-adaptation hypothesis posits that when herbivorous insects evolve resistance to insecticides, they co-opt adaptations against host plant defenses. Despite its intuitive appeal, few predictions of this hypothesis have been tested systematically. Here, with survival analysis of more than 17,000 herbivore-insecticide interactions, we show that resistance evolution tends to be faster when herbivorous insect diets are broad (but not too broad) and when insecticides and plant defensive chemicals are similar (but not too similar). These general relations suggest a complex interplay between macro-evolutionary contingencies and contemporary population genetic processes, and provide a predictive framework to forecast which pest species are most likely to develop resistance to particular insecticide chemistries.

SUBMITTER: Crossley MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7896708 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Insect-plant relationships predict the speed of insecticide adaptation.

Crossley Michael S MS Snyder William E WE Hardy Nate B NB

Evolutionary applications 20200827 2

Herbivorous insects must circumvent the chemical defenses of their host plants and, in cropping systems, must also circumvent synthetic insecticides. The pre-adaptation hypothesis posits that when herbivorous insects evolve resistance to insecticides, they co-opt adaptations against host plant defenses. Despite its intuitive appeal, few predictions of this hypothesis have been tested systematically. Here, with survival analysis of more than 17,000 herbivore-insecticide interactions, we show that ...[more]

PMID: 33664776

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Project description:The aim of this study is to identify Arabidopsis genes whose expression is altered by aphid feeding. An understanding of the plant aphid interaction at the level of the plant transcriptome will 1) consolidate current areas of investigation focused on the phloem composition (the aphid diet), 2) open up areas of plant aphid interactions for ourselves and other workers, 3) Contribute to understanding the use of new molecular technologies in an environmental context and 4) contribute to existing and development of novel control strategies.Our Arabidopsis/Myzus persicae system provides a valuable model for the study because of: a) the advantages of using Arabidopsis, b) The ability to use clonal insects, c) phloem feeding aphids facilitate focus on a specific cell type, d) aphid stylectomy allows collection of pure phloem sap to monitor phloem phenotype of the plant and the insect diet, e) we have techniques to monitor the reproductive performance and feeding behaviour aphids.Our strategy has been to test the function of selected genes, particularly those regulating phloem composition (the feeding site of the aphid) based on current phloem models of phloem function. Gene choice is limited the simplicity of current models of phloem aphid interaction.We propose a simple two treatment (aphid infested vs control plants) experiment that will identify novel target genes for future analysis. Arabidopsis plants (variety Columbia) will be grown in 16/8 light/dark in temperature controlled growth rooms. At growth stage 3.90, when rosette growth is complete, 10 clonal adult Myzus persicae will be caged in clip cages on the two largest leaves on each plant. Control plants will be treated identically except that the cages will be empty. Leaves will be harvested 8 h after infestation. This time point is selected as we know that 90% of aphids are plugged into the sieve element within 2h and that a 6h lag phase has period has previously been used when examining gene expression affected by wounding. In subsequent experiments we will examine time courses of expression of relevant genes using other approaches. Pooling two leaves from each of ten plants will generate the RNA sample, ensuring that expression signals are representative of the population of plants. Experimenter name: Jeremy Pritchard Experimenter phone: 0121 414 5570 Experimenter fax: 0121 414 5925 Experimenter institute: University of Birmingham Experimenter address: School of Biosciences Experimenter address: University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands Experimenter zip/postal_code: B30 2EN Experimenter country: UK Keywords: pathogenicity_design

Dataset Information

Insect-plant relationships predict the speed of insecticide adaptation.

Publications

Insect-plant relationships predict the speed of insecticide adaptation.

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