Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments.

ABSTRACT: Although the discovery and characterization of multiple tumor antigens have sparked the development of many antigen/derived cancer vaccines, many are poorly immunogenic and thus, lack clinical efficacy. Adjuvants are therefore incorporated into vaccine formulations to trigger strong and long-lasting immune responses. Adjuvants have generally been classified into two categories: those that 'depot' antigens (e.g. mineral salts such as aluminum hydroxide, emulsions, liposomes) and those that act as immunostimulants (Toll Like Receptor agonists, saponins, cytokines). In addition, several novel technologies using vector-based delivery of antigens have been used. Unfortunately, the immune system declines with age, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence, and this is characterized by functional ch

SUBMITTER: Cuzzubbo S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7927599 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature