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Research Note: Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from chickens near Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.

ABSTRACT: There has been no report on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in farm animals in Mongolia. To uncover the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in chickens in Mongolia and their antimicrobial resistance, in this study, we isolated and characterized Campylobacter spp. from chickens in Mongolia. We collected 71 cloacal swabs of chickens from 5 farms including 4 layer farms and one broiler farm near Ulaanbaatar city and isolated 25 Campylobacter jejuni and 6 Campylobacter coli isolates. All isolates were resistant to tetracycline, and 3 C. coli isolates were resistant to erythromycin. The C. coli isolates possessed either the erm(B) gene or nucleotide substitution at nt 2,075 of 23S rDNA, both of which are known to be associated with erythromycin resistance. Sixteen of the 31 C. jejuni/C. coli isolates (51.6%) were resistant to nalidixic acid and fluoroquinolones. All the fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates possessed amino acid substitution from threonine to isoleucine at codon 86 (nucleotide substitution: ACA to ATA). Multilocus sequence typing and phylogenetic analyses showed a variation in C. jejuni/C. coli in chickens in Mongolia. In addition, some of the C. jejuni isolates seemed to be phylogenetically close to isolates in Asian and Oceanian countries. This is the first report on the characterization of antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. in farm animals in Mongolia and is valuable for implementation of measures for a prudent use of antimicrobials in farm animals.

SUBMITTER: Byambajav Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7936208 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Research Note: Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from chickens near Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.

Byambajav Zolzaya Z Bulgan Erdenebat E Hirai Yuji Y Nakayama Momoko M Tanaka Misaki M Nitta Yurika Y Suzuki Akio A Umemura Takashi T Altankhuu Bold B Tsagaan Alimaa A Vanaabaatar Batbaatar B Janchivdorj Erdenebaatar E Purevdorj Nyam-Osor NO Ayushjav Narantuya N Yamasaki Takeshi T Horiuchi Motohiro M

Poultry science 20201211 3

There has been no report on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in farm animals in Mongolia. To uncover the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in chickens in Mongolia and their antimicrobial resistance, in this study, we isolated and characterized Campylobacter spp. from chickens in Mongolia. We collected 71 cloacal swabs of chickens from 5 farms including 4 layer farms and one broiler farm near Ulaanbaatar city and isolated 25 Campylobacter jejuni and 6 Campylobacter coli isolates. All isolates ...[more]

PMID: 33518344

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Project description:We tested the hypothesis that Campylobacter isolated from chicken ceca and river water in an overlapping geographic area would share genetic information. Isolates of C. jejuni from chicken ceca were collected from a commercial slaughter plant and isolates of C. jejuni were also collected from rivers and creeks in the same watershed. Isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and the data were used for core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Cluster analysis showed that there were four distinct subpopulations, two from chickens and two from water. Calculation of fixation statistic (Fst) showed that all four subpopulations were significantly distinct. Greater than 90% of the loci were differentiated by subpopulation. Only two genes showed clear differentiation of both chicken subpopulations from both water subpopulations. Sequence fragments of the CJIE4 bacteriophage family were found frequently in the main chicken subpopulation and the water outgroup subpopulation but were sparsely found in the main water population and not at all in the chicken outgroup. CRISPR spacers that targeted the phage sequences were common in the main water subpopulation, only once in the main chicken subpopulation, and not at all in the chicken or water outgroups. Restriction enzyme genes also showed a biased distribution. These data suggest that there is little transfer of C. jejuni genetic material between chickens and nearby river water. Campylobacter differentiation according to these two sources does not show clear evidence of evolutionary selection; the differentiation is probably due to geospatial isolation, genetic drift, and the action of CRISPRs and restriction enzymes. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni causes gastroenteritis in humans, and chickens and environmental water are leading sources of infection. We tested the hypothesis that Campylobacter isolated from chicken ceca and river water in an overlapping geographic area would share genetic information. Isolates of Campylobacter were collected from water and chicken sources in the same watershed and their genomes were sequenced and analyzed. Four distinct subpopulations were found. There was no evidence of sharing genetic material between the subpopulations. Phage profiles, CRISPR profiles and restriction systems differed by subpopulation.

Project description:Food-borne antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter poses a serious threat to public health. To understand the prevalence and genetic characteristics of Campylobacter in Chinese local dual-purpose (meat and eggs) chickens, the genomes of 30 Campylobacter isolates, including 13 C. jejuni and 17 C. coli from Jianghan-chickens in central China, were sequenced and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. The results showed that CC-354 and CC-828 were the dominant clonal complexes of C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, and a phylogenetic analysis showed that three unclassified multilocus sequence types of C. coli were more closely genetically related to C. jejuni than to other C. coli in this study. Of the six antibiotics tested, the highest resistance rates were to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline (100%), followed by lincomycin (63.3%), erythromycin (30.0%), amikacin (26.7%), and cefotaxime (20.0%). The antibiotic resistance rate of C. coli was higher than that of C. jejuni. The GyrA T86I mutation and 15 acquired resistance genes were detected with whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Among those, the GyrA T86I mutation and tet(O) were most prevalent (both 96.7%), followed by the blaOXA-type gene (90.0%), ant(6)-Ia (26.7%), aac(6')-aph(3'') (23.3%), erm(B) (13.3%), and other genes (3.3%). The ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resistance phenotypes correlated strongly with the GyrA T86I mutation and tet(O)/tet(L), respectively, but for other antibiotics, the correlation between genes and resistance phenotypes were weak, indicating that there may be resistance mechanisms other than the resistance genes detected in this study. Virulence gene analysis showed that several genes related to adhesion, colonization, and invasion (including cadF, porA, ciaB, and jlpA) and cytolethal distending toxin (cdtABC) were only present in C. jejuni. Overall, this study extends our knowledge of the epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter in local Chinese dual-purpose chickens.

Dataset Information

Research Note: Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from chickens near Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.

Publications

Research Note: Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from chickens near Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.

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