Beyond PD-1: The Next Frontier for Immunotherapy in Melanoma.

ABSTRACT: The advent of first and second-generation immune checkpoint blockade (ICI) has resulted in improved survival of patients with metastatic melanoma over the past decade. However, the majority of patients ultimately progress despite these treatments, which has served as an impetus to consider a range of subsequent therapies. Many of the next generation of immunotherapeutic agents focus on modifying the immune system to overcome resistance to checkpoint blockade. ICI resistance can be understood as primary, or acquired-where the latter is the most common scenario. While there are several postulated mechanisms by which resistance, particularly acquired resistance, occurs, the predominant escape mechanisms include T cell exhaustion, upregulation of alternative inhibitory checkpoint receptors, an

SUBMITTER: Rohatgi A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7958874 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature