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Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Microbiota: Which Impact on Lung Cancer?

ABSTRACT: Lung cancer still represents the leading cause of cancer-related death, globally. Likewise, malnutrition and inactivity represent a major risk for loss of functional pulmonary capacities influencing overall lung cancer severity. Therefore, the adhesion to an appropriate health lifestyle is crucial in the management of lung cancer patients despite the subtype of cancer. This review aims to summarize the available knowledge about dietary approaches as well as physical activity as the major factors that decrease the risk towards lung cancer, and improve the response to therapies. We discuss the most significant dietary schemes positively associated to body composition and prognosis of lung cancer and the main molecular processes regulated by specific diet schemes, functional foods and physical activity, i.e., inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, we report evidence demonstrating that dysbiosis of lung and/or gut microbiome, as well as their interconnection (the gut-lung axis), are strictly related to dietary patterns and regular physical activity playing a key role in lung cancer formation and progression, opening to the avenue of modulating the microbiome as coadjuvant therapy. Altogether, the evidence reported in this review highlights the necessity to consider non-pharmacological interventions (nutrition and physical activity) as effective adjunctive strategies in the management of lung cancer.

SUBMITTER: Nigro E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7967729 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Microbiota: Which Impact on Lung Cancer?

Nigro Ersilia E Perrotta Fabio F Scialò Filippo F D'Agnano Vito V Mallardo Marta M Bianco Andrea A Daniele Aurora A

International journal of environmental research and public health 20210301 5

Lung cancer still represents the leading cause of cancer-related death, globally. Likewise, malnutrition and inactivity represent a major risk for loss of functional pulmonary capacities influencing overall lung cancer severity. Therefore, the adhesion to an appropriate health lifestyle is crucial in the management of lung cancer patients despite the subtype of cancer. This review aims to summarize the available knowledge about dietary approaches as well as physical activity as the major factors ...[more]

PMID: 33804536

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Project description:BackgroundAfterschool interventions have been found to improve the nutritional quality of snacks served. However, there is limited evidence on how these interventions affect children's snacking behaviors.ObjectiveOur aim was to determine the impact of an afterschool intervention focused at the school district, site, family, and child levels on dietary consumption of foods and beverages served at snack.DesignThis was a secondary analysis of a group-randomized controlled trial.Participants/settingData were collected from 400 children at 20 afterschool sites in Boston, MA before (fall 2010) and after (spring 2011) intervention implementation.InterventionThe Out-of-School Nutrition and Physical Activity intervention aimed to promote fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and water, while limiting sugary drinks and trans fats. Researchers worked with district foodservice staff to change snack foods and beverages. Teams of afterschool staff participated in three 3-hour learning collaborative sessions to build skills and created action plans for changing site practices. The intervention included family and child nutrition education.Main outcome measuresResearch assistants observed dietary snack consumption using a validated measure on 2 days per site at baseline and follow-up.Statistical analyses performedThis study used multivariable regression models, accounting for clustering of observations, to assess the intervention effect, and conducted post-hoc stratified analyses by foodservice type.ResultsChildren in intervention sites had greater decreases in consumption of juice (-0.61 oz/snack, 95% CI -1.11 to -0.12), beverage calories (-29.1 kcal/snack, 95% CI -40.2 to 18.0), foods with trans fats (-0.12 servings/snack, 95% CI -0.19 to -0.04), total calories (-47.7 kcal/snack, 95% CI -68.2 to -27.2), and increases in consumption of whole grains (0.10 servings/snack, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.18) compared to controls. In post-hoc analyses, sites with on-site foodservice had significant improvements for all outcomes (P<0.001), with no effect for sites with satellite foodservice.ConclusionsResults demonstrate that an afterschool intervention can improve children's dietary snack consumption, particularly at sites with on-site foodservice.

Project description:The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between tumor metabolic glycolysis and inflammatory or nutritional status in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade. A total of 186 patients were registered in the present study. All of patients underwent 18F-FDG PET imaging before initial PD-1 blockade, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were assessed as indicators of 18F-FDG uptake. As inflammatory and nutritional index, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ration (PLR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) and Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) were evaluated based on previous assessment. 18F-FDG uptake by MTV and TLG significantly correlated with the scores of NLR, PLR, SII, PNI and ALI, in addition to the level of albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and body mass index. The count of NLR, PLR and SII was significantly higher in patients with <1 year overall survival (OS) compared with in those with ≥1 year OS, and that of PNI and ALI was significantly lower in those with <1 year OS compared with those with ≥1 year OS. High MTV under the high PLR, SII and low ALI were identified as significant factors for predicting the decreased PFS and OS after PD-1 blockade in a first-line setting. In second or more lines, high MTV was identified as a significant prognostic predictor regardless of the levels of PLR, SII, ALI and GPS. In conclusion, metabolic tumor glycolysis determined by MTV was identified as a predictor for the outcome of PD-1 blockade under the high inflammatory and low nutritional conditions, in particular, when treated with a first-line PD-1 blockade. A high MTV under high PLR and SII and low ALI in the first-line setting could be more predictive of ICI treatment than other combinations.

Project description:IntroductionThe Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) required major revisions to food packages in 2009; effects on nationwide low-income household purchases remain unexamined.MethodsThis study examines associations between WIC revisions and nutritional profiles of packaged food purchases from 2008 to 2014 among 4,537 low-income households with preschoolers in the U.S. (WIC participating versus nonparticipating) utilizing Nielsen Homescan Consumer Panel data. Overall nutrients purchased (e.g., calories, sugar, fat), amounts of select food groups with nutritional attributes that are encouraged (e.g., whole grains, fruits and vegetables) or discouraged (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages, candy) consistent with dietary guidance, composition of purchases by degree of processing (less, moderate, or high), and convenience (requires preparation, ready to heat, or ready to eat) were measured. Data analysis was performed in 2016. Longitudinal random-effects model adjusted outcomes controlling for household composition, education, race/ethnicity of the head of the household, county quarterly unemployment rates, and seasonality are presented.ResultsAmong WIC households, significant decreases in purchases of calories (-11%), sodium (-12%), total fat (-10%), and sugar (-15%) occurred, alongside decreases in purchases of refined grains, grain-based desserts, higher-fat milks, and sugar-sweetened beverages, and increases in purchases of fruits/vegetables with no added sugar/fats/salt. Income-eligible nonparticipating households had similar, but less pronounced, reductions. Changes were gradual and increased over time.ConclusionsWIC food package revisions appear associated with improved nutritional profiles of food purchases among WIC participating households compared with low-income nonparticipating households. These package revisions may encourage WIC families to make healthier choices among their overall packaged food purchases.

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Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Microbiota: Which Impact on Lung Cancer?

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Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Microbiota: Which Impact on Lung Cancer?

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