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Exploring the status of diversity in policies and practices of Spanish universities. An asymmetric dual model.

ABSTRACT: Higher education across the world is currently in the throes of assuming a commitment to diversity. However, certain critical positions maintain that such evolution is still guided by market principles. Within such a context, this paper explores what attention is given to diversity in Spanish university policies and practices and how it relates to key productivity indicators. To do so, a study with a descriptive and correlational design was conducted, based on analysing institutional documents and surveying chief diversity officers, techniques which provided evidence about diversity philosophy and practices, respectively. The results revealed at least an average level of institutionalisation of diversity, although it did not demonstrate, in most of the areas, any association with indicators derived from a consolidated ranking by productivity in Spain. The conclusion is that Spanish universities have adopted an asymmetric dual model, in which neo-liberal ideas maintain their hegemony while, although subordinately, certain innovations have been consolidated in parallel in order to protect a number of vulnerable groups under the rhetoric of equity and social justice.

SUBMITTER: Alvarez-Castillo JL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7970326 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Exploring the status of diversity in policies and practices of Spanish universities. An asymmetric dual model.

Álvarez-Castillo José-Luis JL Hernández-Lloret Carmen-María CM González-González Hugo H Espino-Díaz Luis L Fernández-Caminero Gemma G

Heliyon 20210312 3

Higher education across the world is currently in the throes of assuming a commitment to diversity. However, certain critical positions maintain that such evolution is still guided by market principles. Within such a context, this paper explores what attention is given to diversity in Spanish university policies and practices and how it relates to key productivity indicators. To do so, a study with a descriptive and correlational design was conducted, based on analysing institutional documents a ...[more]

PMID: 33748500

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Project description:ContextIncreasing the adoption and implementation of evidence-based policies and practices is a key strategy for improving public health. Although there is widespread agreement about the importance of implementing evidence-based public health policies and practices, there are gaps between what has been shown to be effective and what is implemented at the state level.ObjectiveThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed the Prevention Status Reports (PSRs), a performance measurement system, to highlight evidence-based public health policies and practices and catalyze state performance and quality improvement efforts across the nation.DesignCDC selected a set of 10 topics representing some of the most important public health challenges in the nation. Stakeholders, including state health departments and other partners, helped conceptualize the PSRs and informed the development of the PSR framework, which provides an organizational structure for the system. CDC subject matter experts developed criteria for selecting policies and practices, indicators for each policy and practice, and a criteria-based rating system for each indicator.Participants and settingThe PSRs were developed for all 50 states and the District of Columbia.Main outcomeThe PSRs were developed and serve as a performance measurement system for monitoring the adoption, reach, and implementation fidelity of evidence-based public health policies and practices nationwide.ResultsThe PSRs include 33 policy and practice indicators across the 10 health topics. They use a simple 3-level rating system-green, yellow, and red-to report the extent to which each state (and the District of Columbia) has implemented the policy or practice in accordance with supporting evidence or expert recommendations. Results from aggregate analyses show positive change or improvement.ConclusionThe PSRs are a unique part of CDC's work to improve the performance and accountability of the public health system, serving as both a monitoring tool and a call to action to improve health outcomes. The PSRs can be used to track the reach of and fidelity to evidence-based policies and practices nationally over time, as well as inform state efforts to improve their use of evidence-based policies and practice.

Project description:BackgroundLittle is known about policies and practices for patients undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) who have a documented preference for Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) status at time of referral. We investigated how practices across TAVR programs align with goals of care for patients presenting with DNR status.MethodsBetween June and September 2019, we conducted semi-structured interviews with TAVR coordinators from 52/73 invited programs (71%) in Washington and California (TAVR volume > 100/year:34%; 50-99:36%; 1-50:30%); 2 programs reported no TAVR in 2018. TAVR coordinators described peri-procedural code status policies and practices and how they accommodate patients' goals of care. We used data from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry, stratified by programs' DNR practice, to examine differences in program size, patient characteristics and risk status, and outcomes.ResultsNearly all TAVR programs (48/50: 96%) addressed peri-procedural code status, yet only 26% had established policies. Temporarily rescinding DNR status until after TAVR was the norm (78%), yet time frames for reinstatement varied (38% <48 h post-TAVR; 44% 48 h-to-discharge; 18% >30 days post-discharge). For patients with fluctuating code status, no routine practices for discharge documentation were well-described. No clinically substantial differences by code status practice were noted in Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality risk score, peri-procedural or in-hospital cardiac arrest, or hospice disposition. Six programs maintaining DNR status recognized TAVR as a palliative procedure. Among programs categorically reversing patients' DNR status, the rationale for differing lengths of time to reinstatement reflect divergent views on accountability and reporting requirements.ConclusionsMarked heterogeneity exists in management of peri-procedural code status across TAVR programs, including timeframe for reestablishing DNR status post-procedure. These findings call for standardization of DNR decisions at specific care points (before/during/after TAVR) to ensure consistent alignment with patients' health-related goals and values.

Project description:IntroductionIn the last decade, higher education has undergone a transformation in different areas. The most recent and impactful one may have been the need to keep it updated during the COVID-19 pandemic and to be able to teach remotely and affect university life as little as possible. Another significant change is the emergence of personal attention, accompaniment, or mentoring programs, which have become the prevalent leitmotif in many universities.MethodsThis study compares the different programs at 60 Spanish universities. The relevant information collected during this research is related to the existence of an accompaniment program, and in this program, which plays the role of mentor, or what year is it for. Other information collected from the search is related to the type of mentoring programs, whether they are regulated, have a formal program, or are linked to specific courses. Finally, the assessment procedures are also indicated in case any evaluation is used. After the analysis developed during this research, the mentor-mentee program implemented at the Francisco de Vitoria University is detailed, highlighting differences from other programs, its advantages, and students' benefits.ResultsThe number of accompaniment and mentoring programs offered by Spanish universities continues to rise. In Spanish universities, some accompaniment and mentoring programs offer different and specific mentoring activities designed to enhance and further the kind of education and preparation institutions of higher learning should ideally provide. Accompaniment processes generally have a longer duration in private universities than in public universities, offering a wider range of programs for both current and incoming students and those with specific needs, such as international students.DiscussionThe authors found that not many studies have highlighted the value of the accompaniment, and even fewer have conducted comparative analyses of the diverse realities across various universities. Mentoring programs will have the potential to be part of a university's strategy to help students succeed when the shortcomings of mentoring programs. This study opens new avenues for research into the ideal profile of mentors to best accompany university students.

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Exploring the status of diversity in policies and practices of Spanish universities. An asymmetric dual model.

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Exploring the status of diversity in policies and practices of Spanish universities. An asymmetric dual model.

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