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Evaluation of Indonesian mangrove Xylocarpus granatum leaves ethyl acetate extract as potential anticancer drug.

ABSTRACT: Local Xylocarpus granatum leaves were extracted by ethyl acetate solvent and characterized by TLC fingerprinting and 2D ¹H NMR spectroscopy to contain phenolic compounds as well as several organic and amino acids as metabolic byproducts, such as succinic acid and acetic acid. Traces of flavonoids and other non-categorized phenolic compounds exhibited intermediate antioxidant activity (antioxidant IC₅₀ 84.93 ppm) as well as anticancer activity against HeLa, T47D, and HT-29 cell lines; which the latter being most effective against HT-29 with Fraction 5 contained the strongest activity (anticancer IC₅₀ 23.12 ppm). Extracts also behaved as a natural growth factor and nonlethal towards brine shrimps as well as human adipose-derived stem cell hADSC due to antioxidative properties. A stability test was performed to examine how storage conditions factored in bioactivity and phytochemical structure. Extracts were compared with several studies about X. granatum leaves extracts to evaluate how ethnogeography and ecosystem factored on biologically active compounds. Further research on anticancer or antioxidant mechanism on cancer cells is needed to determine whether the extract is suitable as a candidate for an anticancer drug.

SUBMITTER: Darmadi J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7971038 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evaluation of Indonesian mangrove Xylocarpus granatum leaves ethyl acetate extract as potential anticancer drug.

Darmadi Jason J Batubara Razethy Rahayu RR Himawan Sandiego S Azizah Norma Nur NN Audah Hilyatushalihah Kholis HK Arsianti Ade A Kurniawaty Evi E Ismail Intan Safinar IS Batubara Irmanida I Audah Kholis Abdurachim KA

Scientific reports 20210316 1

Local Xylocarpus granatum leaves were extracted by ethyl acetate solvent and characterized by TLC fingerprinting and 2D <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy to contain phenolic compounds as well as several organic and amino acids as metabolic byproducts, such as succinic acid and acetic acid. Traces of flavonoids and other non-categorized phenolic compounds exhibited intermediate antioxidant activity (antioxidant IC<sub>50</sub> 84.93 ppm) as well as anticancer activity against HeLa, T47D, and HT-29 c ...[more]

PMID: 33727582

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Project description:Globally the current research is going for cancer disease management by different strategies as frequency and severity of this disease are increasing day by day. The fruit body of edible and tasty Astraeus asiaticus mushroom was extracted in ethyl acetate solvent (EA) and quantitative analysis revealed that it contained a significant amount of total phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acids. The FT-IR study revealed different functional groups in the extracts with different characteristic peak values. The GC/MS profile of AAEA (Astraeus asiaticus ethyl acetate) extract exhibited 61 compounds. The column chromatography of AAEA extract was performed and the F12 fraction demonstrated the greatest radical scavenging activity with an EC50 of 25.65 ± 4.82 µg. mL-¹. Mycochemistry (GC and mass spectrum) analysis showed that F12 was a mixture of six important compounds like Hexadecanoic acid, 3,4,5,6 Tetramethyloctane, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, 1-cyclododecyne, cis-9,10-Epoxyoctadecan-1-ol. The chemical properties of all six compounds were screened by SwissADME and pkCSM and AdmetSAR predictors. Out of them Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid and 3,4,5,6 Tetramethyloctane, exhibited suitable properties for drug -preparation and they showed anticancer activity and antioxidant activity as per NIST data base and library search. We have tried to focus on anticancer compounds derived from the partial purification (F12) of mushroom extract (AAEA) from this edible mushroom against cancer (cervical, lung, and breast) cell lines. After 24 h of treatment, the percentages of cell growth inhibition of HeLa, MCF-7, and A549 cell lines by highest concentration (1500 µg. mL- 1) of F12 were 92.03 ± 6.21 a, 90.38 ± 4.53a, and 87.51 ± 5.36a % respectively and the IC50 values were 701 ± 11.54, 728.71 ± 10.53, and 806.88 ± 11.52 µg. mL- 1 respectively but the growth of normal cell HEK 293T was inhibited slightly (3.0%). The mechanism of anticancer effect of F12 (AAEAE) on cancer cell lines included induction of apoptosis, LDH leakage, and up regulation of gene expression levels of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, P53, and down regulation of BcL2 of all three cell lines. Molecular docking of the three important compounds (Hexadecanoic acid, 3,4,5,6 Tetramethyloctane and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid), with apoptotic protein Caspase 3 and antiapoptotic protein BcL2 was done to find out the binding affinity, stability and drug- likeness properties of these chemicals. In conclusion, F12 fraction of AAEA extract of this mushroom containing six bioactive compounds was a promising antioxidant and anticancer agent and the use of this fraction in cancer treatment will be a novel study for future drug development.

Dataset Information

Evaluation of Indonesian mangrove Xylocarpus granatum leaves ethyl acetate extract as potential anticancer drug.

Publications

Evaluation of Indonesian mangrove Xylocarpus granatum leaves ethyl acetate extract as potential anticancer drug.

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