Project description:The association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and vaginal bleeding among nonmenstruating women is not well studied. The Norwegian Institute of Public Health followed several cohorts throughout the pandemic and early performed a systematic data collection of self-reported unexpected vaginal bleeding in nonmenstruating women. Among 7725 postmenopausal women, 7148 perimenopausal women, and 7052 premenopausal women, 3.3, 14.1, and 13.1% experienced unexpected vaginal bleeding during a period of 8 to 9 months, respectively. In postmenopausal women, the risk of unexpected vaginal bleeding (i.e., postmenopausal bleeding) in the 4 weeks after COVID-19 vaccination was increased two- to threefold, compared to a prevaccination period. The corresponding risk of unexpected vaginal bleeding after vaccination was increased three- to fivefold in both nonmenstruating peri- and premenopausal women. In the premenopausal women, Spikevax was associated with at 32% increased risk as compared to Comirnaty. Our results must be confirmed in future studies.

| S-EPMC10516485 | biostudies-literature

Effect of COVID 19 pandemic on the neurology department hospitalization with analysis of the neurological complications secondary to COVID 19 and vaccination against COVID 19.

Project description:ObjectiveWe investigated the effect of the pandemic on neurological hospitalizations and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection or vaccinations.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data of patients hospitalized in our neurology division from 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2022 as the opt-out study. We classified the neurological diseases into nine subgroups, evaluated changes of neurological disease characteristics, and analyzed patients hospitalized with the complications from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection or after the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination over three eras based on the pandemic stages: (1) pre-pandemic, (2) during the pandemic but before vaccines, and (3) during the pandemic with vaccines.ResultsOverall, 1756 patients were included in the analyses. The patient characteristics significantly changed throughout the pandemic (p < 0.01). Although the number of autoimmune cases did not change throughout the pandemic (p = 0.53), that of psychological cases and that of unknown cases were significantly changed (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). There were four infectious cases and 11 cases following vaccination from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2022. The 11 postvaccination cases involved 10 kinds of neurological diseases.ConclusionsThe neurological characteristics significantly changed throughout the pandemic and there were diverse neurological complications following vaccinations.

| S-EPMC11363057 | biostudies-literature

Blood transcriptome profiling reveals distinct gene networks induced by mRNA vaccination against COVID-19

Project description:Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a new class of vaccines that has been shown to be highly effective during the COVID-19 pandemic and that holds great potential for other preventative and therapeutic applications. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the immune responses induced by this novel vaccine type and their relation to vaccine responses might help to further refine and optimize future vaccine design. In this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the blood transcriptome before and 24h after second and third vaccination with licensed mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 in humans, following a prime vaccination with either mRNA or ChAdOx vaccines. Utilizing an unsupervised weighted gene correlation network analysis, we identified distinct gene networks of co-varying genes characterized by either an expressional up- or down-regulation in response to vaccination. Down-regulated networks were associated with cell metabolic processes and regulation of transcription factors, while up-regulated networks were associated with myeloid differentiation, antigen presentation, and antiviral, interferon-driven pathways. Within this interferon-associated network, we identified highly connected hub genes such as STAT2 and RIGI, potentially playing important regulatory roles in the vaccine-induced immune response. The expression profile of this network significantly correlated with S1-specific IgG levels at the follow-up visit in vaccinated individuals. Those findings could be corroborated in an independent cohort of mRNA vaccine recipients. Collectively, insights from this study might contribute to current research endeavors aimed at further enhancing/ or optimizing vaccine-induced immunity.

2024-01-29 | GSE247401 | GEO

Quantitative Benefit-Risk Assessment of Vaccination Against COVID-19: A Systematic Review.

Project description:PurposeWith the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, there has been a proliferation of quantitative benefit-risk assessments (qBRAs). Prior work on other types of vaccines has found that published qBRAs have not always clearly reported methods and/or results needed to assist in the application of the qBRA findings. The aim was to systematically identify, review, and critically assess published COVID-19 vaccine qBRA. The ultimate goal is to support the future development of robust qBRA for existing, new, and updated vaccines.MethodsWe systematically reviewed COVID-19 vaccine qBRAs identified from multiple sources through April 17, 2023, including literature databases, selected Health Authority websites, and a grey literature search. We critically assessed whether key features typical of qBRA were presented in these reports.ResultsWe identified 37 COVID-19 vaccine qBRAs from screening 2220 publications and 18 other sources. The qBRAs were conducted on two mRNA and two adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines. Only one qBRA represented low- and middle-income countries. Although many qBRAs used simple calculations (n = 25), more complex models were presented in 15 reports. Simple approaches were able to employ stratification by age and/or sex to highlight safety issues affecting specific demographic groups and scenarios to account for changes in viral transmission and vaccine effectiveness over time. Details regarding data sources and analytic methods were missing or limited in some reports.ConclusionsThis comprehensive description and critical assessment of COVID-19 vaccine qBRAs together with available guidance can be used to support the development of robust and transparent future vaccine qBRAs.

| S-EPMC11779546 | biostudies-literature

Response to the letter to the editor: "COVID-19 Infection Risk, Elective Arthroplasty and Surgical Complications and COVID-19 Vaccination: Correspondence".

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC9633620 | biostudies-literature

Artificial intelligence models predicting abnormal uterine bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination.

Project description:The rapid deployment of COVID-19 vaccines has necessitated the ongoing surveillance of adverse events, with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) emerging as a reported concern in vaccinated females. We aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict post-vaccination AUB in women aged less than 50 years. A large-scale national cohort, the Korean Nationwide Cohort (K-COV-N cohort), was utilized, comprising over 7 million participants. The study employed advanced ML techniques, including ensemble models combining gradient boosting machine and logistic regression, and conducted feature importance analysis. The dataset was meticulously curated, focusing on relevant demographics and variables, and balanced using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique. Using a national cohort of over 2 million COVID-19 vaccinated cases in South Korea, we developed a ML model for AUB prediction. Our study is the first to develop a predictive model for post-vaccination AUB, employing feature importance analysis to identify the key contributing factors. The analysis revealed three primary predictive features: COVID-19 vaccination frequency, NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax) COVID-19 vaccination count, and hemoglobin levels. These findings provide valuable insights into predicting the risk AUB following COVID-19 vaccination, potentially enhancing post-vaccination monitoring strategies.

| S-EPMC11868602 | biostudies-literature

Main Postoperative Complications After COVID-19

Project description:To explore the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection in different time before operation and postoperative main complications (mortality, main pulmonary and cardiovascular complications) 30 days after operation; To determine the best timing of surgery after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

| 5792 | ecrin-mdr-crc

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