Extreme weather events and military conflict over seven centuries in ancient Korea.

ABSTRACT: We explore the causal connection between weather and war by constructing and analyzing a dataset featuring extreme weather events and military conflicts involving a set of stable political entities that existed side by side over several centuries, namely, the three ancient kingdoms of the Korean Peninsula between 18 Before the Common Era and 660 Common Era. Conflicts are classified as desperate if a state experiencing the shock invades a neighbor and opportunistic if a state experiencing the shock is invaded by a neighbor. We find that weather-induced conflict was significant, but largely opportunistic rather than desperate. That is, states experiencing an adverse shock were more likely to be invaded, but not more likely to initiate attack. We also provide evidence that the c

SUBMITTER: Jun T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8000020 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature