Dataset Information

Allium Extract Implements Weaned Piglet's Productive Parameters by Modulating Distal Gut Microbiota.

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has risen as a global threat for human health. One of the leading factors for this emergence has been the massive use of antibiotics growth-promoter (AGPs) in livestock, enhancing the spread of AMR among human pathogenic bacteria. Thus, several alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics, or phytobiotics have been proposed for using in animal feeding to maintain or improve productive levels while diminishing the negative effects of AGPs. Reducing the use of antibiotics is a key aspect in the pig rearing for production reasons, as well as for the production of high-quality pork, acceptable to consumers. Here we analyze the potential use of Allium extract as an alternative. In this study, weaned piglets were fed with Allium extract supplementation and compared with control and antibiotic (colistin and zinc oxide) treated piglets. The effects of Allium extract were tested by analyzing the gut microbiome and measuring different productive parameters. Alpha diversity indices decreased significantly in Allium extract group in caecum and colon. Regarding beta diversity, significant differences between treatments appeared only in caecum and colon. Allium extract and antibiotic piglets showed better values of body weight (BW), average daily weight gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than control group. These results indicate that productive parameters can be implemented by modifying the gut microbiota through phytobiotics such as Allium extract, which will drive to drop the use of antibiotics in piglet diet.

SUBMITTER: Rabelo-Ruiz M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8001633 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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<i>Allium</i> Extract Implements Weaned Piglet's Productive Parameters by Modulating Distal Gut Microbiota.

Rabelo-Ruiz Miguel M Teso-Pérez Claudia C Peralta-Sánchez Juan Manuel JM Ariza Juan José JJ Martín-Platero Antonio Manuel AM Casabuena-Rincón Óscar Ó Vázquez-Chas Patricia P Guillamón Enrique E Aguinaga-Casañas María Arántzazu MA Maqueda Mercedes M Valdivia Eva E Baños Alberto A Martínez-Bueno Manuel M

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) 20210308 3

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has risen as a global threat for human health. One of the leading factors for this emergence has been the massive use of antibiotics growth-promoter (AGPs) in livestock, enhancing the spread of AMR among human pathogenic bacteria. Thus, several alternatives such as probiotics, prebiotics, or phytobiotics have been proposed for using in animal feeding to maintain or improve productive levels while diminishing the negative effects of AGPs. Reducing the use of antibio ...[more]

PMID: 33800152

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Project description:Intestinal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and agricultural animals, especially newborns and weaned animals. Preventive treatments that help weaned animals maintain homeostasis and balance the hindgut microbial populations are desirable. The present study aimed to explore the impact of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) on the intestinal health by analyzing the intestinal environment, morphology, expression of peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), and flora of weaned rabbits. A total of 300 New Zealand weaned rabbits were randomly divided into the following five treatment groups for a 35-day feed trial: control group (basal diet), bacitracin zinc (BZ) group (50 mg/kg BZ), BMDa group (100 mg/kg BMD), BMDb group (50 mg/kg BMD), and BMDc group (rabbits fed a basal diet supplemented with 25 mg/kg BMD). In each treatment group, 28 rabbits were slaughtered for experimental analysis. The results showed that the supplementation of BMD increased the environmental acidity of the cecum of the weaned rabbits and reduced the ammonia-nitrogen concentration, which was beneficial to the survival of useful bacteria in the intestine. The morphology analysis of the duodenum using hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that the villus length, villus/crypt ratio, and intestinal wall thickness increased in the BMD group, thereby improving the structure of the duodenum and the absorption capacity of the small intestine. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction test showed that PGRPs (especially PGLYRP-1 and PGLYRP-2) in the intestinal had an antagonistic effect with BMD in the process of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, resulting in their decreased expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, through 16S rRNA sequencing in the cecal content, the abundance of the predominant phyla in the BMDa and BZ groups was found to be the closest. The abundance of the genera Lachnospira, Erysipelotrichaceae (p-75-a5), Paraprevotellaceae (YRC22), Mogibacterium, Peptococcaceae (rc4-4), Anaerovibrio, Succinivibrio, and Sphaerochaeta increased in the BMDa and BZ groups (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Alistipes, Sedimentibacter, and Dorea significantly increased only in the BMDa group (P < 0.05). Conclusively, BMD, as well as microbes, improved the intestinal environment and structure to maintain the intestinal health of weaned rabbits.

Project description:Gut microbiota disruption during the weaning process is a significant factor of intestinal injury. Our previous studies have suggested that Prevotella may play a critical role in causing intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to clarify the impact of Prevotella copri on intestinal injury and the protecting effect by dihydroquercetin (DHQ) in weaned piglets. A total of 108 healthy Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weaned piglets, aged 21 d, were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 6 replicates and 6 piglets per replicate. The piglets were the following diets for 28 d: 1) a basal diet, 2) basal diet containing 1.0 × 108 CFU/kg P. copri, 3) basal diet supplemented with 1.0 × 108 CFU/kg P. copri and 100 mg/kg DHQ. Results showed that P. copri decreased significantly the average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.001), which was recovered by supplementation of DHQ with decreased serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-8 but increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and IL-10 in weaned piglets (P < 0.001). Moreover, DHQ increased the expression of tight junction proteins (claudin-2, occludin and tight junction protein zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) and the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX-4) in ileum (P < 0.001). Intestinal flora analysis showed that P. copri increased the relative abundance of Prevotella (P = 0.026) and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group (P < 0.001), but decreased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group (P < 0.001), while supplementation of DHQ reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella (P = 0.026). Metabolomics results indicated that P. copri enhanced the content of 12-OH bile acid, but decreased the contents of glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) (P < 0.001), while DHQ reduced the 12-OH bile acid content (P < 0.001) and increased the GDCA content (P = 0.020). In summary, P. copri caused intestinal injury and reduced growth performance in weaned piglets, and DHQ showed a protective effect by modulating gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism.

Dataset Information

Allium Extract Implements Weaned Piglet's Productive Parameters by Modulating Distal Gut Microbiota.

Publications

<i>Allium</i> Extract Implements Weaned Piglet's Productive Parameters by Modulating Distal Gut Microbiota.

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