Magnetic resonance neurography of the head and neck: state of the art, anatomy, pathology and future perspectives.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Van der Cruyssen F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8011265 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Magnetic resonance neurography of the head and neck: state of the art, anatomy, pathology and future perspectives.
Van der Cruyssen Fréderic F Croonenborghs Tomas-Marijn TM Renton Tara T Hermans Robert R Politis Constantinus C Jacobs Reinhilde R Casselman Jan J
The British journal of radiology 20210129 1119
Magnetic resonance neurography allows for the selective visualization of peripheral nerves and is increasingly being investigated. Whereas in the past, the imaging of the extracranial cranial and occipital nerve branches was inadequate, more and more techniques are now available that do allow nerve imaging. This basic review provides an overview of the literature with current state of the art, anatomical landmarks and future perspectives. Furthermore, we illustrate the possibilities of the three ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:Microglia are the tissue macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) and the first to respond to CNS dysfunction and disease. Gene expression profiling of microglia during development, under homeostatic conditions and in the diseased CNS provided insight in microglia functions and changes thereof. Single cell sequencing studies further contributed to our understanding of microglia heterogeneity in relation to age, sex and CNS disease. Recently, single nucleus gene expression profiling was performed on (frozen) CNS tissue. Transcriptomic profiling of CNS tissues by (single) nucleus RNA-sequencing has the advantage that it can be applied to archived and well stratified frozen specimens. Here, we give an overview of the significant advances recently made in microglia transcriptional profiling. In addition, we present matched cellular and nuclear microglia RNA-seq datasets we generated from mouse and human CNS tissue to compare cellular versus nuclear transcriptomes from fresh and frozen samples. We demonstrate that microglia can be similarly profiled with cell and nucleus profiling, and importantly also with nuclei isolated from frozen tissue. Nuclear microglia transcriptomes are a reliable proxy for cellular transcriptomes. Interestingly, lipopolysaccharide- (LPS)-induced changes in gene expression were even more pronounced in the nuclear transcriptome. In addition, heterogeneity in microglia observed in fresh samples is similarly detected in frozen nuclei of the same donor. Together, these results show that microglia nuclear RNAs obtained from frozen CNS tissue are a reliable proxy for microglia gene expression and cellular heterogeneity and may prove an effective strategy to study of the role of microglia in neuropathology.
2019-08-10 | GSE135618 | GEO
Project description:Peripheral neuropathies account for the most frequent disorders seen by neurologists, and causes are manifold. The traditional diagnostic gold-standard consists of clinical neurologic examinations supplemented by nerve conduction studies. Due to well-known limitations of standard diagnostics and atypical clinical presentations, establishing the correct diagnosis can be challenging but is critical for appropriate therapies. Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) is a relatively novel technique that was developed for the high-resolution imaging of the peripheral nervous system. In focal neuropathies, whether traumatic or due to nerve entrapment, MRN has improved the diagnostic accuracy by directly visualizing underlying nerve lesions and providing information on the exact lesion localization, extension, and spatial distribution, thereby assisting surgical planning. Notably, the differentiation between distally located, complete cross-sectional nerve lesions, and more proximally located lesions involving only certain fascicles within a nerve can hold difficulties that MRN can overcome, when basic technical requirements to achieve sufficient spatial resolution are implemented. Typical MRN-specific pitfalls are essential to understand in order to prevent overdiagnosing neuropathies. Heavily T2-weighted sequences with fat saturation are the most established sequences for MRN. Newer techniques, such as T2-relaxometry, magnetization transfer contrast imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging, allow the quantification of nerve lesions and have become increasingly important, especially when evaluating diffuse, non-focal neuropathies. Innovative studies in hereditary, metabolic or inflammatory polyneuropathies, and motor neuron diseases have contributed to a better understanding of the underlying pathomechanism. New imaging biomarkers might be used for an earlier diagnosis and monitoring of structural nerve injury under causative treatments in the future.
| S-EPMC8804110 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Radiotherapy is an integral component of head/neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) treatment, and technological developments including advances in image-guided radiotherapy over the past decades have offered improvements in the technical treatment of these cancers. Integration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into image guidance through the development of MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) offers further potential for refinement of the techniques by which HNSCCs are treated. This article provides an overview of the literature supporting the current use of MRgRT for HNSCC, challenges with its use, and developing research areas.
| S-EPMC8911481 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dynamic myraidpro contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been correlated with prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as well as with changes in normal tissues. These studies implement different software, either commercial or in-house, and different scan protocols. Thus, the generalizability of the results is not confirmed. To assist in the standardization of quantitative metrics to confirm the generalizability of these previous studies, this data descriptor delineates in detail the DCE-MRI digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) files with DICOM radiation therapy (RT) structure sets and digital reference objects (DROs), as well as, relevant clinical data that encompass a data set that can be used by all software for comparing quantitative metrics. Variable flip angle (VFA) with six flip angles and DCE-MRI scans with a temporal resolution of 5.5 s were acquired in the axial direction on a 3T MR scanner with a field of view of 25.6 cm, slice thickness of 4 mm, and 256×256 matrix size.
| S-EPMC5810424 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Head and neck cancer is the seventh most common cancer in Australia and globally. Despite the current improved treatment modalities, there is still up to 50⁻60% local regional recurrence and or distant metastasis. High-resolution medical imaging technologies such as PET/CT and MRI do not currently detect the early spread of tumour cells, thus limiting the potential for effective minimal residual detection and early diagnosis. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are a rare subset of cells that escape from the primary tumour and enter into the bloodstream to form metastatic deposits or even re-establish themselves in the primary site of the cancer. These cells are more aggressive and accumulate gene alterations by somatic mutations that are the same or even greater than the primary tumour because of additional features acquired in the circulation. The potential application of CTC in clinical use is to acquire a liquid biopsy, by taking a reliable minimally invasive venous blood sample, for cell genotyping during radiotherapy treatment to monitor the decline in CTC detectability, and mutational changes in response to radiation resistance and radiation sensitivity. Currently, very little has been published on radiation therapy, CTC, and circulating cancer stem cells (CCSCs). The prognostic value of CTC in cancer management and personalised medicine for head and neck cancer radiotherapy patients requires a deeper understanding at the cellular level, along with other advanced technologies. With this goal, this review summarises the current research of head and neck cancer CTC, CCSC and the molecular targets for personalised radiotherapy response.
| S-EPMC6468366 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeConventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) poses challenges in quantitative analysis because voxel intensity values lack physical meaning. While intensity standardization methods exist, their effects on head and neck MRI have not been investigated. We developed a workflow based on healthy tissue region of interest (ROI) analysis to determine intensity consistency within a patient cohort. Through this workflow, we systematically evaluated intensity standardization methods for MRI of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients.Materials and methodsTwo HNC cohorts (30 patients total) were retrospectively analyzed. One cohort was imaged with heterogenous acquisition parameters (HET cohort), whereas the other was imaged with homogenous acquisition parameters (HOM cohort). The standard deviation of cohort-level normalized mean intensity (SD NMIc), a metric of intensity consistency, was calculated across ROIs to determine the effect of five intensity standardization methods on T2-weighted images. For each cohort, a Friedman test followed by a post-hoc Bonferroni-corrected Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to compare SD NMIc among methods.ResultsConsistency (SD NMIc across ROIs) between unstandardized images was substantially more impaired in the HET cohort (0.29 ± 0.08) than in the HOM cohort (0.15 ± 0.03). Consequently, corrected p-values for intensity standardization methods with lower SD NMIc compared to unstandardized images were significant in the HET cohort (p < 0.05) but not significant in the HOM cohort (p > 0.05). In both cohorts, differences between methods were often minimal and nonsignificant.ConclusionsOur findings stress the importance of intensity standardization, either through the utilization of uniform acquisition parameters or specific intensity standardization methods, and the need for testing intensity consistency before performing quantitative analysis of HNC MRI.
| S-EPMC8607477 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeQuantitative MRI (qMRI) has been explored for detecting tumor changes during radiation therapy (RT) in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Clinical trials show prolonged survival with PD-1 targeted immune checkpoint inhibition. Hypofractionated radiation regimens are being studied to counteract radioresistant clonogen formation. This study aims to use daily qMRI monitoring in these therapies. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate if qMRI can detect tumor microenvironment changes during hypofractionated RT in a phase I trial of Dose-Escalated Hypofractionated Adaptive Radiotherapy (DEHART).Materials and methodsSeventeen subjects with advanced HNSCC underwent MR-guided RT with daily qMRI using a 15-fraction regimen to a cumulative dose of 50, 55, or 60 Gy. A 1.5 T MRI-Linac collected daily intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), T1, and T2 mappings. Median primary tumor ADC, D, D*, f, T1, and T2 were calculated, using paraspinal muscle as a control. qMRI parameters were analyzed by treatment condition and length using linear mixed effect models and nonparametric tests.ResultsSignificant (p < 0.05) increases in ADC, D, f, and T2 were observed over treatment duration for multiple conditions. Daily monitoring enhanced result significance compared to weekly collection.ConclusionsDaily qMRI effectively monitors tumor response over short periods and varying treatment conditions. Further studies on radiation and systemic therapy combinations in HNSCC could benefit from daily qMRI data collection.
| S-EPMC11772986 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Treatment of locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma involves a multidisciplinary approach that combines surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy. These curative strategies are associated with significant acute and long-term toxicities. With the emergence of human papillomavirus (HPV) as an etiologic factor associated primarily with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, higher cure rates juxtaposed with substantial treatment-related morbidity and mortality has led to interest in de-escalated therapeutic strategies, with the goal of optimizing oncologic outcomes while reducing treatment-related toxicity. Currently explored strategies include replacing, reducing, or omitting cytotoxic chemotherapy; reducing dose or volume of radiotherapy; and incorporation of less-invasive surgical approaches. Potential biomarkers to select patients for treatment de-escalation include clinical risk stratification, adjuvant de-escalation based on pathologic features, response to induction therapy, and molecular markers. The optimal patient selection and de-escalation strategy is critically important in the evolving treatment of locoregional head and neck cancer. Recently, two large phase III trials, RTOG 1016 and De-ESCALaTE, failed to de-escalate treatment in HPV-associated head and neck cancer by demonstrating inferior outcomes by replacing cisplatin with cetuximab in combination with radiation. This serves as a cautionary tale in the future design of de-escalation trials in this patient population, which will need to leverage toxicity and efficacy endpoints. Our review summarizes completed and ongoing de-escalation trials in head and neck cancer, with particular emphasis on biomarkers for patient selection and clinical trial design. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The toxicity associated with standard multimodality treatment for head and neck cancer underscores the need to seek less-intensive therapies with a reduced long-term symptom burden through de-escalated treatment paradigms that minimize toxicity while maintaining oncologic control in appropriately selected patients. Controversy regarding the optimal de-escalation strategy and criteria for patient selection for de-escalated therapy has led to multiple parallel strategies undergoing clinical investigation. Well-designed trials that optimize multimodal strategies are needed. Given the absence of positive randomized trials testing de-escalated therapy to date, practicing oncologists should exercise caution and administer established standard-of-care therapy outside the context of a clinical trial.
| S-EPMC7794179 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeIt is unknown whether changes to the peripheral nervous system following spinal cord injury (SCI) are relevant for functional recovery or the development of neuropathic pain below the level of injury. Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) at 3 T allows detection and localization of structural and functional nerve damage. This study aimed to combine MRN and clinical assessments in individuals with chronic SCI and nondisabled controls.MethodsTwenty participants with chronic SCI and 20 controls matched for gender, age, and body mass index underwent MRN of the L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the sciatic nerve. DRG volume, sciatic nerve mean cross-sectional area (CSA), fascicular lesion load, and fractional anisotropy (FA), a marker for functional nerve integrity, were calculated. Results were correlated with clinical assessments and nerve conduction studies.ResultsSciatic nerve CSA and lesion load were higher (21.29 ± 5.82 mm2 vs. 14.08 ± 4.62 mm2 , p < 0.001; and 8.70 ± 7.47% vs. 3.60 ± 2.45%, p < 0.001) in individuals with SCI compared to controls, whereas FA was lower (0.55 ± 0.11 vs. 0.63 ± 0.08, p = 0.022). DRG volumes were larger in individuals with SCI who suffered from neuropathic pain compared to those without neuropathic pain (223.7 ± 53.08 mm3 vs. 159.7 ± 55.66 mm3 , p = 0.043). Sciatic MRN parameters correlated with electrophysiological results but did not correlate with the extent of myelopathy or clinical severity of SCI.ConclusionsIndividuals with chronic SCI are subject to a decline of structural peripheral nerve integrity that may occur independently from the clinical severity of SCI. Larger volumes of DRG in SCI with neuropathic pain support existing evidence from animal studies on SCI-related neuropathic pain.
| S-EPMC11235803 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN), the MR imaging of peripheral nerves, is clinically used for assessing and monitoring peripheral neuropathies based on qualitative, weighted MR imaging. Recently, quantitative MRN has been increasingly reported with various MR parameters as potential biomarkers. An evidence synthesis mapping the available methodologies and normative values of quantitative MRN of human peripheral nerves, independent of the anatomical location and type of neuropathy, is currently unavailable and would likely benefit this young field of research. Therefore, the proposed scoping review will include peer-reviewed literature describing methodologies and normative values of quantitative MRN of human peripheral nerves. The literature search will include the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science, and Scopus. At least two independent reviewers will screen the titles and abstracts against the inclusion criteria. Potential studies will then be screened in full against the inclusion criteria by two or more independent reviewers. From all eligible studies, data will be extracted by two or more independent reviewers and presented in a diagrammatic or tabular form, separated by MR parameter and accompanied by a narrative summary. The reporting will follow the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Upon completion, the scoping review will provide a map of the available literature, identify possible gaps, and inform on possible future research. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework 9P3ZM.
| S-EPMC9149994 | biostudies-literature