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Electron-Deficient Alkynes as Powerful Tools against Root-Knot Nematode Melodogyne incognita: Nematicidal Activity and Investigation on the Mode of Action.

ABSTRACT: The present study reports on the powerful nematicidal activity of a series of electron-deficient alkynes against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. Interestingly, we found that the conjugation of electron-withdrawing carbonyl groups to an alkyne triple bond was extremely proficient in inducing nematode paralysis and death. In particular, dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate (10), 3-butyn-2-one (1), and methyl propiolate (4), with EC_50/48 h of 1.54 ± 0.16, 2.38 ± 0.31, and 2.83 ± 0.28 mg/L, respectively, were shown to be the best tested compounds. Earlier studies reported on the ability of alkynoic esters and alkynones to induce a chemoselective cysteine modification of unprotected peptides. Thus, also following our previous findings on the impairment of vacuolar-type proton translocating ATPase functionality by activated carbonyl derivatives, we speculate that the formation of a vinyl sulfide linkage might be responsible for the nematicidal activity of the presented electron-deficient alkynes.

SUBMITTER: Tocco G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8011909 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Electron-Deficient Alkynes as Powerful Tools against Root-Knot Nematode Melodogyne incognita: Nematicidal Activity and Investigation on the Mode of Action.

Tocco Graziella G Eloh Kodjo K Laus Antonio A Sasanelli Nicola N Caboni Pierluigi P

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 20200924 40

The present study reports on the powerful nematicidal activity of a series of electron-deficient alkynes against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. Interestingly, we found that the conjugation of electron-withdrawing carbonyl groups to an alkyne triple bond was extremely proficient in inducing nematode paralysis and death. In particular, dimethylacetylenedicarboxylate (10), 3-butyn-2-one (1), and methyl propiolate (4), with EC<su ...[more]

PMID: 32924513

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Project description:BackgroundSolanum torvum Sw is worldwide employed as rootstock for eggplant cultivation because of its vigour and resistance/tolerance to the most serious soil-borne diseases as bacterial, fungal wilts and root-knot nematodes. The little information on Solanum torvum (hereafter Torvum) resistance mechanisms, is mostly attributable to the lack of genomic tools (e.g. dedicated microarray) as well as to the paucity of database information limiting high-throughput expression studies in Torvum.ResultsAs a first step towards transcriptome profiling of Torvum inoculated with the nematode M. incognita, we built a Torvum 3' transcript catalogue. One-quarter of a 454 full run resulted in 205,591 quality-filtered reads. De novo assembly yielded 24,922 contigs and 11,875 singletons. Similarity searches of the S. torvum transcript tags catalogue produced 12,344 annotations. A 30,0000 features custom combimatrix chip was then designed and microarray hybridizations were conducted for both control and 14 dpi (day post inoculation) with Meloidogyne incognita-infected roots samples resulting in 390 differentially expressed genes (DEG). We also tested the chip with samples from the phylogenetically-related nematode-susceptible eggplant species Solanum melongena. An in-silico validation strategy was developed based on assessment of sequence similarity among Torvum probes and eggplant expressed sequences available in public repositories. GO term enrichment analyses with the 390 Torvum DEG revealed enhancement of several processes as chitin catabolism and sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis, while no GO term enrichment was found with eggplant DEG.The genes identified from S. torvum catalogue, bearing high similarity to known nematode resistance genes, were further investigated in view of their potential role in the nematode resistance mechanism.ConclusionsBy combining 454 pyrosequencing and microarray technology we were able to conduct a cost-effective global transcriptome profiling in a non-model species. In addition, the development of an in silico validation strategy allowed to further extend the use of the custom chip to a related species and to assess by comparison the expression of selected genes without major concerns of artifacts. The expression profiling of S. torvum responses to nematode infection points to sesquiterpenoids and chitinases as major effectors of nematode resistance. The availability of the long sequence tags in S. torvum catalogue will allow precise identification of active nematocide/nematostatic compounds and associated enzymes posing the basis for exploitation of these resistance mechanisms in other species.

Dataset Information

Electron-Deficient Alkynes as Powerful Tools against Root-Knot Nematode Melodogyne incognita: Nematicidal Activity and Investigation on the Mode of Action.

Publications

Electron-Deficient Alkynes as Powerful Tools against Root-Knot Nematode <i>Melodogyne incognita</i>: Nematicidal Activity and Investigation on the Mode of Action.

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