Immuno-oncology: a narrative review of gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicities.

ABSTRACT: Vaccines, cytokines, and adoptive cellular therapies (ACT) represent immuno-therapeutic modalities with great development potential, and they are currently approved for the treatment of a limited number of advanced malignancies. The most up-to-date knowledge on the regulation of the anti-cancer immune response has recently led to the development and approval of inhibitors of immune checkpoints, which have produced unprecedented clinical activity in several hard to treat solid malignancies. However, severe adverse events (AEs) represent a limitation to the use of these drugs. Currently approved checkpoint inhibitors block cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), resulted in increased survival of patients with several

SUBMITTER: Boussios S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8033350 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature