Case Report: Combination Therapy With PD-1 Blockade for Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Resulted in Fatal GVHD.

ABSTRACT: Background: Azacitidine is commonly used in the treatment of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), but the effectiveness of this monotherapy is still very low. A possible mechanism of resistance to hypomethylating agents (HMAs) is the upregulation of the expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors and their ligands, making the combination of HMAs and immune checkpoint blockade therapy a rational approach. Although the safety of anti-programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 antibodies for patients with post-allo-HSCT remains a complicated issue, the preliminary clinical result of combining azacitidine with anti-PD-1 antibodies is encouraging; however, the safety and efficacy of this

SUBMITTER: Yao S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8047076 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature