Dataset Information
Comparisons of the immunological landscape between COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus patients by clustering analysis.
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ABSTRACT: Background
COVID-19 has stronger infectivity and a higher risk for severity than most other contagious respiratory illnesses. The mechanisms underlying this difference remain unclear.Methods
We compared the immunological landscape between COVID-19 and two other contagious respiratory illnesses (influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) by clustering analysis of the three diseases based on 27 immune signatures' scores.Results
We identified three immune subtypes: Immunity-H, Immunity-M, and Immunity-L, which displayed high, medium, and low immune signatures, respectively. We found 20%, 35.5%, and 44.5% of COVID-19 cases included in Immunity-H, Immunity-M, and Immunity-L, respectively; all influenza cases were included in Immunity-H; 66.7% and 33.3% of RSV cases belonged to Immunity-H and Immunity-L, respectively. These data indicate that most COVID-19 patients have weaker immune signatures than influenza and RSV patients, as evidenced by 22 of the 27 immune signatures having lower enrichment scores in COVID-19 than in influenza and/or RSV. The Immunity-M COVID-19 patients had the highest expression levels of ACE2 and IL-6 and lowest viral loads and were the youngest. In contrast, the Immunity-H COVID-19 patients had the lowest expression levels of ACE2 and IL-6 and highest viral loads and were the oldest. Most immune signatures had lower enrichment levels in the intensive care unit (ICU) than in non-ICU patients. Gene ontology analysis showed that the innate and adaptive immune responses were significantly downregulated in COVID-19 versus healthy individuals.Conclusions
Compared to influenza and RSV, COVID-19 displayed significantly different immunological profiles. Elevated immune signatures are associated with better prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
SUBMITTER: Abdelrahman Z
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8062909 | biostudies-literature | 2021
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Comparisons of the immunological landscape between COVID-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus patients by clustering analysis.
Computational and structural biotechnology journal 20210423
<h4>Background</h4>COVID-19 has stronger infectivity and a higher risk for severity than most other contagious respiratory illnesses. The mechanisms underlying this difference remain unclear.<h4>Methods</h4>We compared the immunological landscape between COVID-19 and two other contagious respiratory illnesses (influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)) by clustering analysis of the three diseases based on 27 immune signatures' scores.<h4>Results</h4>We identified three immune subtypes: Imm ...[more]
