Dataset Information

Effects of Dietary Protein Level on the Gut Microbiome and Nutrient Metabolism in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

ABSTRACT: Dietary protein is one of the most important nutritional factors in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dietary protein levels on the gut microbiome and the liver and serum levels of metabolites in tilapia. Tilapia were fed a diet with a low (20%), moderate (30%), or high (40%) content of crude protein, and the homeostasis of the gut microbiome and metabolic profile of the liver and serum were analyzed. The results showed no significant differences in the diversity and richness of the gut microbiome among the groups; however, there were differences in the microbial composition of the gut. The metabolome analysis of liver samples revealed a difference in the glucose level among the groups, with the highest glucose level in fish fed a high protein diet. In addition, there were significant differences in the levels of tyrosine, guanosine, and inosine among the metabolome analysis of serum samples of these groups. In summary, diets with different protein levels could affect the composition of gut microbiota and the dynamic balance of microbial communities. Dietary protein content can also affect glycolysis and amino acid metabolism in tilapia.

SUBMITTER: Yang C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8066363 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Effects of Dietary Protein Level on the Gut Microbiome and Nutrient Metabolism in Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>).

Yang Changgeng C Jiang Ming M Lu Xin X Wen Hua H

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20210405 4

Dietary protein is one of the most important nutritional factors in aquaculture. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dietary protein levels on the gut microbiome and the liver and serum levels of metabolites in tilapia. Tilapia were fed a diet with a low (20%), moderate (30%), or high (40%) content of crude protein, and the homeostasis of the gut microbiome and metabolic profile of the liver and serum were analyzed. The results showed no significant differences in the diversity a ...[more]

PMID: 33916356

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Project description:Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus is the third most commonly farmed finfish species in the world, accounting for nearly 5% of global aquaculture production. In the past few decades much of the success of this species has been attributed to the development and distribution of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). Despite the increasing availability of GIFT, the productivity of small-scale farming remains highly variable, particularly in developing nations. Commercial fish-feed pellets can increase fish farm productivity; however, many small-scale farmers rely on other means of feeding fish due to the high cost and limited availability of commercial fish feed pellets. Therefore, understanding how locally-sourced feeds affect the production of GIFT is an important step towards improving feeding practices, particularly for farmers with low financial capital. This study used stable isotope analysis (SIA) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to compare the effects of a locally-sourced vegetable-based diet and commercial pellet-based diets on the relative condition, nutrient assimilation patterns and gastrointestinal microbiota of GIFT. GIFT fed a locally-sourced diet were smaller, and in a significantly poorer condition than those fed with commercial fish feeds. SIA showed no differences in dietary carbon between the two diets; however, δ13C, poor fish condition and the abundance of specific bacterial taxa (of such as Fusobacteria) were correlated. SIA revealed that GIFT fed locally-sourced diets that predominantly consisted of vegetables were significantly enriched in δ15N despite a perceived lack of dietary protein. This enrichment suggests that GIFT fed a locally-sourced diet may be supplementing their diet via cannibalism, a behaviour representative of poor farming practice. Overall this study highlights the need to increase the availability of suitable GIFT feeds in developing nations. The development a low-cost feed alternative could improve the success of small-scale GIFT farmers in PNG, increasing both food and income security within the region.

Project description:BackgroundMicroorganisms inhabiting the gut play a significant role in supporting fundamental physiological processes of the host, which contributes to their survival in varied environments. Several studies have shown that altitude affects the composition and diversity of intestinal microbial communities in terrestrial animals. However, little is known about the impact of altitude on the gut microbiota of aquatic animals. The current study examined the variations in the gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from four lakes along an altitudinal gradient in Ethiopia by using 16S rDNA Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing.ResultsThe results indicated that low-altitude samples typically displayed greater alpha diversity. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed significant differences across samples from different lakes. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in the Lake Awassa and Lake Chamo samples whereas Fusobacteriota was the dominant phylum in samples from Lake Hashengie and Lake Tana. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota in the high-altitude sample (Lake Hashengie, altitude 2440 m) was much higher than the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota in the low altitude population (Lake Chamo, altitude 1235 m). We found that the relative abundances of Actinobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes were negatively correlated with altitude, while Fusobacteriota showed a positive association with altitude. Despite variability in the abundance of the gut microbiota across the lakes, some shared bacterial communities were detected.ConclusionsIn summary, this study showed the indirect influence of altitude on gut microbiota. Altitude has the potential to modulate the gut microbiota composition and diversity of Nile tilapia. Future work will be needed to elucidate the functional significance of gut microbiota variations based on the geographical environment.Significance and impact of the studyOur study determined the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota in Nile tilapia collected from lakes across an altitude gradient. Our findings greatly extend the baseline knowledge of fish gut microbiota in Ethiopian lakes that plays an important role in this species sustainable aquaculture activities and conservation.

Project description:Nutritional programming is the idea that early nutrient contributions can influence organismal structure or function and is documented in a variety of vertebrates, yet studies in fish are largely lacking. Tilapia are an important foodfish, with global production having increased rapidly since the 1990s. They exhibit high disease-resistance and grow well on formulated feeds which makes them an ideal aquaculture species, however incorporating high quality proteins into feeds can be costly. As feed constitutes 50-70% of total production costs in aquaculture, reducing protein content could curb these costs and increase revenue. Thus, we examined the effects of feeding Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fry a restricted protein diet for the first 7-21 days on growth, gut microbial flora, and the intestinal transcriptome. Fish were fed either a 25% restricted or 48% control crude protein starter (ST) diet for up to 21 days and then switched to a 25% or 38% control crude protein growout (GO) diet. Fish fed a 25% ST diet for 14 days followed by a 38% GO diet had significantly higher lengths and weights and better feed efficiency than fish fed the control 48% ST and 38% GO diet after 56 days of culture. Growth of fry on the 25% ST, 7-day/38% GO and the 25% ST,7-day/25% GO diets did not differ from the those fed the control protein diets, while fish fed the 25% ST diet for 21 days had significantly lower growth and survival rates. We observed no significant differences in either alpha or beta diversity of the gut microbial flora between diets, however species richness (Shannon Index) was higher in fry fed the 25% protein ST diet regardless of the GO diet. Similarly, fish fed the 25% ST diet for 14 days followed by the 38% GO diet had minimal changes to the intestinal transcriptome relative to fish fed the control 48% ST and 38% GO diet. However, those fed 25% ST and GO diets for the entire 56 days exhibited substantial differences in the gut transcriptome from other groups showing gene expression profiles characteristic of detrimental changes to gut physiology, protein metabolism and immune function. Results suggest protein restriction for up to 14 days early in development leads to enhanced growth and feed efficiency with minimal effects on gut microbes or intestinal function. Protein restriction beyond this period appears detrimental to fish growth and health as underscored by expression of disease related genes and higher mortality rates.

Dataset Information

Effects of Dietary Protein Level on the Gut Microbiome and Nutrient Metabolism in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Publications

Effects of Dietary Protein Level on the Gut Microbiome and Nutrient Metabolism in Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>).

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