Dataset Information

Changes in Gut Microbiota after a Four-Week Intervention with Vegan vs. Meat-Rich Diets in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

ABSTRACT: An essential role of the gut microbiota in health and disease is strongly suggested by recent research. The composition of the gut microbiota is modified by multiple internal and external factors, such as diet. A vegan diet is known to show beneficial health effects, yet the role of the gut microbiota is unclear. Within a 4-week, monocentric, randomized, controlled trial with a parallel group design (vegan (VD) vs. meat-rich (MD)) with 53 healthy, omnivore, normal-weight participants (62% female, mean 31 years of age), fecal samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the trial and were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (Clinical Trial register: DRKS00011963). Alpha diversity as well as beta diversity did not differ significantly between MD and VD. Plotting of baseline and end samples emphasized a highly intra-individual microbial composition. Overall, the gut microbiota was not remarkably altered between VD and MD after the trial. Coprococcus was found to be increased in VD while being decreased in MD. Roseburia and Faecalibacterium were increased in MD while being decreased in VD. Importantly, changes in genera Coprococcus, Roseburia and Faecalibacterium should be subjected to intense investigation as markers for physical and mental health.

SUBMITTER: Kohnert E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8066554 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Changes in Gut Microbiota after a Four-Week Intervention with Vegan vs. Meat-Rich Diets in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Kohnert Eva E Kreutz Clemens C Binder Nadine N Hannibal Luciana L Gorkiewicz Gregor G Müller Alexander A Storz Maximilian Andreas MA Huber Roman R Lederer Ann-Kathrin AK

Microorganisms 20210331 4

An essential role of the gut microbiota in health and disease is strongly suggested by recent research. The composition of the gut microbiota is modified by multiple internal and external factors, such as diet. A vegan diet is known to show beneficial health effects, yet the role of the gut microbiota is unclear. Within a 4-week, monocentric, randomized, controlled trial with a parallel group design (vegan (VD) vs. meat-rich (MD)) with 53 healthy, omnivore, normal-weight participants (62% female ...[more]

PMID: 33807447

Similar Datasets

Project description:ImportanceIncreasing evidence suggests that, compared with an omnivorous diet, a vegan diet confers potential cardiovascular benefits from improved diet quality (ie, higher consumption of vegetables, legumes, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and seeds).ObjectiveTo compare the effects of a healthy vegan vs healthy omnivorous diet on cardiometabolic measures during an 8-week intervention.Design, setting, and participantsThis single-center, population-based randomized clinical trial of 22 pairs of twins (N = 44) randomized participants to a vegan or omnivorous diet (1 twin per diet). Participant enrollment began March 28, 2022, and continued through May 5, 2022. The date of final follow-up data collection was July 20, 2022. This 8-week, open-label, parallel, dietary randomized clinical trial compared the health impact of a vegan diet vs an omnivorous diet in identical twins. Primary analysis included all available data.InterventionTwin pairs were randomized to follow a healthy vegan diet or a healthy omnivorous diet for 8 weeks. Diet-specific meals were provided via a meal delivery service from baseline through week 4, and from weeks 5 to 8 participants prepared their own diet-appropriate meals and snacks.Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration from baseline to end point (week 8). Secondary outcome measures were changes in cardiometabolic factors (plasma lipids, glucose, and insulin levels and serum trimethylamine N-oxide level), plasma vitamin B12 level, and body weight. Exploratory measures were adherence to study diets, ease or difficulty in following the diets, participant energy levels, and sense of well-being.ResultsA total of 22 pairs (N = 44) of twins (34 [77.3%] female; mean [SD] age, 39.6 [12.7] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 25.9 [4.7]) were enrolled in the study. After 8 weeks, compared with twins randomized to an omnivorous diet, the twins randomized to the vegan diet experienced significant mean (SD) decreases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (-13.9 [5.8] mg/dL; 95% CI, -25.3 to -2.4 mg/dL), fasting insulin level (-2.9 [1.3] μIU/mL; 95% CI, -5.3 to -0.4 μIU/mL), and body weight (-1.9 [0.7] kg; 95% CI, -3.3 to -0.6 kg).Conclusions and relevanceIn this randomized clinical trial of the cardiometabolic effects of omnivorous vs vegan diets in identical twins, the healthy vegan diet led to improved cardiometabolic outcomes compared with a healthy omnivorous diet. Clinicians can consider this dietary approach as a healthy alternative for their patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05297825.

Project description:ObjectivePrior research has found that plant-based diets (PBDs) are rated as acceptable and have similar levels of adherence as compared to other therapeutic dietary approaches; however, previous studies were mostly among white populations. Plant-based diets can produce clinically meaningful weight loss, but outcomes may vary by level of adherence. The goal of this study was to examine the differences in weight and lipids among participants in the Nutritious Eating with Soul study based on adherence to their diet assignment.MethodsAfrican American adults (n = 159; 79% female) with overweight or obesity (mean BMI 36.9 ± 6.9 kg/m2) were recruited to participate in a 24-month intervention. Participants were randomized to a plant-based vegan (n = 77) or a low-fat omnivorous (n = 82) diet, both emphasizing soul food cuisine. Participants attended nutrition classes and had dietary intake/adherence (three 24-h recalls; adherence score 1-5), body weight, lipids, and other secondary outcomes assessed at baseline, 6-, 12-, and 24 months. Participants who met at least half of the adherence criteria (≥2.5 out of 5) were categorized as adherents.ResultsAt 24 months, adherent vegans lost 5% of their body weight, non-adherent vegans lost -0.005%, adherent omnivores lost -0.03%, and non-adherent omnivores lost -0.02%. Adherent vegans lost more weight (kg) than all other participants at both 6- (-3.32 ± 0.92 (-5.14, -1.49), p < 0.001) and 24 months (-3.27 ± 1.49 (-6.23, -0.31), p = 0.03). Adherent vegans also lost more weight than less adherent vegans (-3.74 ± 1.05 (-5.82, -1.65)), adherent omnivores (-4.00 ± 1.27 (-6.51, -1.48)), and less adherent omnivores (-2.22 ± 0.98 (-4.15, -0.28)) at 6 months and lost more weight than less adherent vegans at 24 months (-4.96 ± 1.8 (-8.54, -1.37)) (all p < 0.05). Adherent vegans had greater improvements in cholesterol-to-HDL ratio at 24 months (-0.47 ± 0.22 (-0.92, -0.03), p = 0.04) and greater decreases in insulin (-4.57 ± 2.16 (-8.85, -0.29), p = 0.04) at 6 months than all other participants combined.ConclusionsThe study points to the benefit of the use of a PBD for reducing weight, lipids, and insulin in African American adults, but also highlights the importance of supporting adherence to the PBD.Clinical trialsgov idNutritious Eating With Soul (The NEW Soul Study); NCT03354377.

Dataset Information

Changes in Gut Microbiota after a Four-Week Intervention with Vegan vs. Meat-Rich Diets in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Publications

Changes in Gut Microbiota after a Four-Week Intervention with Vegan vs. Meat-Rich Diets in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets