Dataset Information

Arabidopsis thaliana Genes Associated with Cucumber mosaic virus Virulence and Their Link to Virus Seed Transmission.

ABSTRACT: Virulence, the effect of pathogen infection on progeny production, is a major determinant of host and pathogen fitness as it affects host fecundity and pathogen transmission. In plant-virus interactions, ample evidence indicates that virulence is genetically controlled by both partners. However, the host genetic determinants are poorly understood. Through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 154 Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes infected by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), we identified eight host genes associated with virulence, most of them involved in response to biotic stresses and in cell wall biogenesis in plant reproductive structures. Given that virulence is a main determinant of the efficiency of plant virus seed transmission, we explored the link between this trait and the genetic regulation of virulence. Our results suggest that the same functions that control virulence are also important for CMV transmission through seeds. In sum, this work provides evidence of a novel role for some previously known plant defense genes and for the cell wall metabolism in plant virus interactions.

SUBMITTER: Montes N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8067046 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Arabidopsis thaliana Genes Associated with Cucumber mosaic virus Virulence and Their Link to Virus Seed Transmission.

Montes Nuria N Cobos Alberto A Gil-Valle Miriam M Caro Elena E Pagán Israel I

Microorganisms 20210327 4

Virulence, the effect of pathogen infection on progeny production, is a major determinant of host and pathogen fitness as it affects host fecundity and pathogen transmission. In plant-virus interactions, ample evidence indicates that virulence is genetically controlled by both partners. However, the host genetic determinants are poorly understood. Through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 154 Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes infected by Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), we identif ...[more]

PMID: 33801693

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Project description:Taxonomic relationshipsCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is the type species of the genus Cucumovirus in the family Bromoviridae, which also encompasses the Peanut stunt virus (PSV) and the Tomato aspermy virus (TAV). Nucleotide sequence similarity among these three cucumoviruses is 60%-65%. CMV strains are divided into three subgroups, IA, IB and II, based on the sequence of the 5' untranslated region of the genomic RNA 3. Overall nucleotide sequence similarity among CMV strains is approximately 70%-98%. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, HOST RANGE AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY: CMV is distributed worldwide, primarily in temperate to tropical climate zones. CMV infects more than 1200 species of 100 plant families, including monocot and dicot plants. Symptoms caused by CMV infection vary with the host species and/or CMV strain, and include mosaic, stunt, chlorosis, dwarfing, leaf malformation and systemic necrosis. CMV disease is spread primarily by aphid transmission in a nonpersistent manner.Physical propertiesIn tobacco sap, the thermal inactivation point of the viral infectivity is approximately 70 °C (10 min), the dilution end-point is approximately 10(-4) and viral infectivity is lost after a few days of exposure to 20 °C. Viral infectivity can be retained in freeze-dried tissues and in the form of virions purified using 5 mm sodium borate, 0.5 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 50% glycerol (pH 9.0) at -20 °C. CMV particles are isometric, approximately 28-30 nm in diameter and are composed of 180 capsid subunits arranged in pentamer-hexamer clusters with T= 3 symmetry. The sedimentation coefficient (s(20) ,(w) ) is c. 98 S and the particle weight is (5.8-6.7) × 10(6) Da. The virions contain 18% RNA. The RNA-protein interactions that stabilize the CMV virions are readily disrupted by sodium dodecylsulphate or neutral chloride salts. GENOMIC PROPERTIES: The genomic RNAs are single-stranded messenger sense RNAs with 5' cap and 3' tRNA-like structures containing at least five open reading frames. The viral RNA consists of three genomic RNAs, RNA 1 (c. 3.3 kb), RNA 2 (c. 3.0 kb) and RNA 3 (c. 2.2 kb), and two subgenomic RNAs, RNA 4 (c. 1.0 kb) and RNA 4A (c. 0.7 kb). The 3' untranslated regions are conserved across all viral RNAs. CMV is often accompanied by satellite, noncoding, small, linear RNA that is nonhomologous to the helper CMV.

Project description:Identification of the determinants of pathogen reservoir potential is central to understand disease emergence. It has been proposed that host lifespan is one such determinant: short-lived hosts will invest less in costly defenses against pathogens, so that they will be more susceptible to infection, more competent as sources of infection and/or will sustain larger vector populations, thus being effective reservoirs for the infection of long-lived hosts. This hypothesis is sustained by analyses of different hosts of multihost pathogens, but not of different genotypes of the same host species. Here we examined this hypothesis by comparing two genotypes of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana that differ largely both in life-span and in tolerance to its natural pathogen Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Experiments with the aphid vector Myzus persicae showed that both genotypes were similarly competent as sources for virus transmission, but the short-lived genotype was more susceptible to infection and was able to sustain larger vector populations. To explore how differences in defense against CMV and its vector relate to reservoir potential, we developed a model that was run for a set of experimentally-determined parameters, and for a realistic range of host plant and vector population densities. Model simulations showed that the less efficient defenses of the short-lived genotype resulted in higher reservoir potential, which in heterogeneous host populations may be balanced by the longer infectious period of the long-lived genotype. This balance was modulated by the demography of both host and vector populations, and by the genetic composition of the host population. Thus, within-species genetic diversity for lifespan and defenses against pathogens will result in polymorphisms for pathogen reservoir potential, which will condition within-population infection dynamics. These results are relevant for a better understanding of host-pathogen co-evolution, and of the dynamics of pathogen emergence.

Dataset Information

Arabidopsis thaliana Genes Associated with Cucumber mosaic virus Virulence and Their Link to Virus Seed Transmission.

Publications

<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Genes Associated with <i>Cucumber mosaic virus</i> Virulence and Their Link to Virus Seed Transmission.

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