Dataset Information

Earliest Palaeocene purgatoriids and the initial radiation of stem primates.

ABSTRACT: Plesiadapiform mammals, as stem primates, are key to understanding the evolutionary and ecological origins of Pan-Primates and Euarchonta. The Purgatoriidae, as the geologically oldest and most primitive known plesiadapiforms and one of the oldest known placental groups, are also central to the evolutionary radiation of placentals and the Cretaceous-Palaeogene biotic recovery on land. Here, we report new dental fossils of Purgatorius from early Palaeocene (early Puercan) age deposits in northeastern Montana that represent the earliest dated occurrences of plesiadapiforms. We constrain the age of these earliest purgatoriids to magnetochron C29R and most likely to within 105-139 thousand years post-K/Pg boundary. Given the occurrence of at least two species, Purgatorius janisae and a new species, at the locality, we provide the strongest support to date that purgatoriids and, by extension, Pan-Primates, Euarchonta and Placentalia probably originated by the Late Cretaceous. Within 1 million years of their arrival in northeastern Montana, plesiadapiforms outstripped archaic ungulates in numerical abundance and dominated the arboreal omnivore-frugivore niche in mammalian local faunas.

SUBMITTER: Wilson Mantilla GP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8074693 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Earliest Palaeocene purgatoriids and the initial radiation of stem primates.

Wilson Mantilla Gregory P GP Chester Stephen G B SGB Clemens William A WA Moore Jason R JR Sprain Courtney J CJ Hovatter Brody T BT Mitchell William S WS Mans Wade W WW Mundil Roland R Renne Paul R PR

Royal Society open science 20210224 2

Plesiadapiform mammals, as stem primates, are key to understanding the evolutionary and ecological origins of Pan-Primates and Euarchonta. The Purgatoriidae, as the geologically oldest and most primitive known plesiadapiforms and one of the oldest known placental groups, are also central to the evolutionary radiation of placentals and the Cretaceous-Palaeogene biotic recovery on land. Here, we report new dental fossils of <i>Purgatorius</i> from early Palaeocene (early Puercan) age deposits in n ...[more]

PMID: 33972886

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Project description:PurposeThere are currently limited data regarding patient perceptions and fears related to radiation therapy (RT). This study sought to identify and quantify patient concerns regarding RT and to determine the potential value of assessing these expectations prior to initial consultation.Methods and materialsPatients with no prior history of RT were invited to complete an investigator-developed anonymous electronic survey prior to consultation. Patients were queried about their perceptions of RT and potential fears/concerns. The content validity index for survey items were scored with adequate construct validity. Survey items were scored descriptively through summary statistics. Relationships between respondent variables and responses to survey questions were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsFrom September 2020 through June 2022, 214 patients completed the survey and were included in the analysis. Fifty percent of respondents reported a complete lack of knowledge regarding RT. Twenty-seven percent of patients reported that RT is their most worrisome cancer treatment, compared to chemotherapy or surgery. The most common self-reported fears of RT included general side effects, skin burns, not knowing what to expect regarding RT, pain, and organ damage. The most frequently reported concerns of physical side effects of RT included pain (67%), memory loss (62%), nausea/vomiting (60%), and skin reactions (58%). Sixty-two percent of respondents reported being either moderately or very concerned about their ability to perform daily activities. Thirty-six percent of respondents reported at least moderate concern over the financial cost of RT. Twenty-six percent of respondents reported at least moderate concern regarding transportation to RT. Forty-eight percent of respondents reported concern about emitting radiation to others.ConclusionsPatient concerns related to RT toxicities and impact on daily life were common, as were misconceptions of RT. Pre-consultation assessment of patient expectations regarding RT is feasible and may be helpful in addressing patients concerns early and in real-time.

Dataset Information

Earliest Palaeocene purgatoriids and the initial radiation of stem primates.

Publications

Earliest Palaeocene purgatoriids and the initial radiation of stem primates.

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