An Experimental Test of the Relationship between Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Use and Alcohol Consumption.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Background
Increasing research shows that the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is associated with a higher rate and quantity of alcohol consumption.Methods
The present study used a 2-session, within-subjects design to experimentally examine the relationship between ENDS use and laboratory ad libitum alcohol consumption. A total of N = 31 (mean age = 28.71, SD = 11.17; 45.2% women; 54.8% White/Caucasian) healthy adults from the community who use ENDS and endorsed liking beer completed the study, which included a beer consumption taste-test task that assessed the volume of beer consumed by the participants across 2 counterbalanced sessions: 1 in which concurrent ENDS use was allowed and 1 in which it was not. All analyses controlled for age, race, and gender.Results
The effect of ENDS condition on the volume of beer consumed was not statistically significant, F(1, 30) = 0.03, p = 0.86). Results of linear mixed modeling showed that ENDS puffs were significantly related to alcohol sips (estimate = 0.23, SE = 0.07, p = 0.002) across the ad libitum session.Conclusions
Overall, ENDS use did not increase alcohol consumption; however, the data suggest that ENDS puffs might act as a prime for beer sips or that these 2 behaviors are linked through habit. Future studies should more fully measure and compare global and event-level data on ENDS and alcohol use as they might show disparate patterns of relationships.
SUBMITTER: Hershberger AR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8076069 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
An Experimental Test of the Relationship between Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Use and Alcohol Consumption.
Hershberger Alexandra R AR Studebaker Amanda A Whitt Zachary T ZT Fillmore Mark M Kahler Christopher W CW Cyders Melissa A MA
Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research 20210321 4
<h4>Background</h4>Increasing research shows that the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is associated with a higher rate and quantity of alcohol consumption.<h4>Methods</h4>The present study used a 2-session, within-subjects design to experimentally examine the relationship between ENDS use and laboratory ad libitum alcohol consumption. A total of N = 31 (mean age = 28.71, SD = 11.17; 45.2% women; 54.8% White/Caucasian) healthy adults from the community who use ENDS and endorsed ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:BackgroundAssessing the naturalistic puff topography and associated nicotine consumption during e-cigarette use is important as such information will not only unveil how these products are being consumed in real-world conditions, but also enable investigators and regulatory bodies to conduct quantitative, accurate, and realistic harmful exposure and nicotine abuse liability risk assessments based on actual e-cigarette use. Conventional approaches cannot accurately, conveniently, and noninvasively determine e-cigarette puff topography in a natural use environment. Thus, novel technology-enabled systems that do not primarily rely on self-report mechanisms or intrusive measurements to monitor e-cigarette product use behaviors are highly desired.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore and demonstrate the feasibility of a novel puff recording electronic nicotine delivery system (PR-ENDS) device for measuring naturalistic puff topography and estimating nicotine consumption during the ad libitum use of products among smokers and vapers.MethodsAn ancillary data analysis based on a completed parent study was conducted. The parent study was a 1-way randomized controlled open-label puff topography and nicotine pharmacokinetic assessment carried out in 24 healthy adults (12 smokers and 12 vapers). Participants were assigned a randomized product use sequence of a PR-ENDS device within 5 site visits for both controlled and ad libitum product use sessions. Blood samples were obtained for plasma nicotine analysis, and questionnaires were administered at various time points. During the ad libitum use session, puff topography was measured using a Clinical Research Support System (CReSS) device as a benchmark, as well as the PR-ENDS device with a built-in puff recording feature.ResultsThere were no significant differences in representative puff topography parameters (number of puffs, total puff duration, and average puff duration) between the PR-ENDS and CReSS devices at the populational level across different device powers, e-liquid nicotine strengths, and flavors. The nicotine consumption estimated by the PR-ENDS device suggested that this device can be employed as a convenient monitoring tool for estimating nicotine use without measuring e-liquid weight loss between puffs. The linear relationship between nicotine consumption estimated by the PR-ENDS device and the pharmacokinetic parameter AUCad lib (plasma concentration-time curve for 1-hour ad libitum use) substantiated the potential of using this device as a pragmatic, noninvasive, and convenient means for estimating nicotine intake in the human body without blood collection.ConclusionsThe novel PR-ENDS device was feasible for assessing naturalistic puff topography and estimating nicotine consumption and intake in the human body during ad libitum use. Several key factors can influence users' puff topography, including device power levels, e-liquid nicotine strengths, and flavors. The study results pave the way for further research in the real-time measurement of naturalistic puff topography and puffing behaviors in the real world.
| S-EPMC9887514 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveWe sought to systematically review the literature on electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, also called electronic cigarettes) awareness, use, reactions and beliefs.Data sourcesWe searched five databases for articles published between 2006 and 1 July 2013 that contained variations of the phrases 'electronic cigarette', 'e-cigarette' and 'electronic nicotine delivery'.Study selectionOf the 244 abstracts identified, we excluded articles not published in English, articles unrelated to ENDS, dissertation abstracts and articles without original data on prespecified outcomes.Data extractionTwo reviewers coded each article for ENDS awareness, use, reactions and beliefs.Data synthesis49 studies met inclusion criteria. ENDS awareness increased from 16% to 58% from 2009 to 2011, and use increased from 1% to 6%. The majority of users were current or former smokers. Many users found ENDS satisfying, and some engaged in dual use of ENDS and other tobacco. No longitudinal studies examined whether ENDS serve as 'gateways' to future tobacco use. Common reasons for using ENDS were quitting smoking and using a product that is healthier than cigarettes. Self-reported survey data and prospective trials suggest that ENDS might help cigarette smokers quit, but no randomised controlled trials with probability samples compared ENDS with other cessation tools. Some individuals used ENDS to avoid smoking restrictions.ConclusionsENDS use is expanding rapidly despite experts' concerns about safety, dual use and possible 'gateway' effects. More research is needed on effective public health messages, perceived health risks, validity of self-reports of smoking cessation and the use of different kinds of ENDS.
| S-EPMC4520227 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionResearch reports a robust association between combustible cigarette use and alcohol use frequency and severity. Extension to the emerging landscape of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use is needed to inform prevention and treatment strategies.MethodWe evaluated data from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Respondents included adults reporting cigarettes or ENDS solo or dual use. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated associations with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-related risky behavior (i.e., heavy drinking, binge alcohol use, and driving after drinking) compared to never use controls and respondents with a history, but not current, use of cigarettes or ENDS.ResultsMultivariable models showed greater odds of AUD for respondents with dual ENDS and cigarette use (AOR = 10.2), ENDS use (AOR = 6.27), cigarette use (AOR = 4.45), and a history, but not ongoing, use (AOR = 2.60) relative to respondents with no use history. Similarly, respondents with dual use (AOR = 3.94), ENDS use (AOR = 2.41), and cigarette use (AOR = 1.71) had greater odds of AUD relative to those with a history of, but not ongoing, use. The association between dual use and AUD was greater for adults ages 21-25 (AOR = 16.2) than for adults over 25 (AOR = 7.82). Cigarette and ENDS solo and dual-use were similarly associated with greater odds of alcohol-related risky behavior relative to control groups.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that nicotine use and dual use may be associated with indicators of problematic drinking. These results offer insight into emerging licit polysubstance profiles and call for mechanistic research to inform prevention and intervention efforts.
| S-EPMC10528670 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCompared with combustible cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can deliver a sufficient amount of nicotine with a significantly reduced emission of toxicants, which renders them as potential harm reduction candidates for tobacco and smoking replacement. However, the use of e-cigarettes is not harm free and the long-term health effect of using e-cigarettes is yet to be established. Given the high prevalence of e-cigarette use across the globe and its potential health concerns, it is imperative to conduct actual use behavior assessments to better understand how e-cigarettes are being consumed in real-world conditions. However, with the currently available technologies, there is still a lack of noninvasive, noninterventional, and convenient instruments for the real-time and real-world use behavior monitoring of e-cigarette product use. Novel technology-based systems that do not primarily rely on self-report or intrusive measurements to monitor e-cigarette use behaviors are therefore highly desired.ObjectiveThe primary goal of this study is to investigate the e-cigarette actual use behaviors in the real world via a novel puff recording electronic nicotine delivery system (PR-ENDS). Specifically, we aim to analyze and summarize the survey and PR-ENDS use data and to study the relationships and effects of different factors on these variables.MethodsIn real-world conditions, 61 enrolled UK e-cigarette users were instructed to use PR-ENDS as the primary source of nicotine with their selected e-liquids for at least 3 weeks (21 days). A baseline survey was conducted to collect information about participants' demographics and nicotine use history (cigarette and ENDS). The puff data (ie, puff number, puff duration for each puff, device power, e-liquid nicotine concentrations) were directly recorded by PR-ENDS and uploaded to the cloud for further analyses. The nicotine emission and nicotine consumption were estimated based on recorded puff data.ResultsMiddle-aged adults with a nicotine history represented the major user profile during the PR-ENDS trial. A wide range of device power and e-liquid nicotine concentrations was applied and their combinations during actual use were found to be rather complex. Various puff parameters (ie, puff duration, puff number, nicotine emission) were assessed with contributing factors from device, e-liquid, and user nicotine history in different effect sizes. The real-time observation revealed substantial intra- and interindividual variabilities in PR-ENDS use behaviors. The use pattern of a quick adaptation followed by consistent product use was recognized for at least 3 weeks during actual use.ConclusionsThe actual use behavior assessment of PR-ENDS was conducted as a proof-of-concept application. The complex interactions of product attributes and significant intra- and interindividual variabilities in e-cigarette use behaviors provided new insights of compensatory behavior, which can inspire future studies in the field of nicotine addiction and abuse liability behavior assessment.
| S-EPMC9947749 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsTo estimate the effect of potential regulations of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among adult smokers, including increasing taxes, reducing flavor availability and adding warning labels communicating various levels of risk.DesignWe performed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) among a national sample of 1200 adult smokers. We examined heterogeneity in policy responses by age, cigarette quitting interest and current ENDS use. Our experiment overlapped January 2015 by design, providing exogenous variation in cigarette quitting interest from New Year resolutions.SettingKnowledgePanel, an online panel of recruited respondents.ParticipantsA total of 1200 adult smokers from the United States.MeasurementsHypothetical purchase choice of cigarettes, nicotine replacement therapy and a disposable ENDS.FindingsIncreasing ENDS prices from $3 to $6 was associated with a 13.6 percentage point reduction in ENDS selection (P < 0.001). Restricting flavor availability in ENDS to tobacco and menthol was associated with a 2.1 percentage point reduction in ENDS selection (P < 0.001). The proposed Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning label was associated with a 1.1 percentage point reduction in ENDS selection (P < 0.05) and the MarkTen warning label with a 5.1 percentage point reduction (P < 0.001). We estimated an ENDS price elasticity of -1.8 (P < 0.001) among adult smokers. Statistically significant interaction terms (P < 0.001) imply that price responsiveness was higher among adult smokers 18-24 years of age, smokers who have vaped over the last month and smokers with above the median quitting interest. Young adult smokers were 3.7 percentage points more likely to choose ENDS when multiple flavors were available than older adults (P < 0.001). Young adult smokers and those with above the median cigarette quitting interest were also more likely to reduce cigarette selection and increase ENDS selection in January 2015 (P < 0.001), potentially in response to New Year's resolutions to quit smoking.ConclusionsIncreased taxes, a proposed US Food and Drug Administration warning label for electronic nicotine delivery systems and a more severe warning label may discourage adult smokers from switching to electronic nicotine delivery systems. Reducing the availability of flavors may reduce ENDS use by young adult smokers.
| S-EPMC4801654 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Many smokers reported using Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS, e.g., electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes) to quit cigarette smoking. Previous studies suggested that daily ENDS use may promote cigarette smoking cessation. We assessed variations in the prevalence of daily ENDS use among adult smokers by demographics and implications for cigarette smoking disparities. Data were from a nationally representative sample of US adults who participated in the 2014-2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (n = 163,920). Participants reported socio-demographics, current cigarette smoking, current ENDS use, and past-year cigarette smoking cessation attempts. We estimated the prevalence of current cigarette smoking in the full sample by socio-demographics. We also estimated the prevalence of daily ENDS use among current smokers (n = 23,232) and those who attempted to quit smoking in the past year (n = 9,341) by socio-demographics. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between daily ENDS use and socio-demographics. Prevalence of daily ENDS use was low: 1-6% among current smokers and 2-9% among those who made a past-year quit attempt, across socio-demographics. Hispanic (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29-0.69) and non-Hispanic black smokers (AOR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.23-0.61) were less likely than non-Hispanic white smokers to use ENDS daily. Similar associations were observed among current smokers who made a past-year quit attempt (p < 0.05). Low prevalence of daily ENDS use suggests that ENDS may only promote smoking cessation in a small fraction of smokers. Lower prevalence of daily ENDS use among non-Hispanic black smokers may worsen race-related cigarette smoking disparities.
| S-EPMC6909091 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceThe prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use, including e-cigarettes, among US young adults (YAs) has raised questions about how these products may affect future tobacco and nicotine use among YAs. Given this prevalence and that young adulthood is a critical period for the establishment of tobacco and nicotine use, it is important to consider the association between ENDS use and cigarette smoking specifically in this age group.ObjectiveTo examine whether ENDS use frequency or intensity is associated with changes in cigarette smoking among US YA ever smokers during 1 year.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study used 3 waves of data (2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016) from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, an ongoing longitudinal cohort study of adults and youth. Unweighted 1:6 propensity score matching was used to match participants on wave 1 risk factors for ENDS use at wave 2. The changes in smoking between wave 2 and wave 3 were assessed using the matched sample. In total, 1096 ENDS-naive, ever cigarette-smoking YAs (18-24 years of age) at wave 1 who participated in wave 2 and wave 3 and who had complete data in the PATH Study were included in the analyses, which were conducted from August 2018 to October 2019.ExposuresNever ENDS use (n = 987), any previous 30-day ENDS use (n = 109), 1 to 5 days of ENDS use in the previous 30 days (n = 75), and 6 or more days ENDS use in the previous 30 days at wave 2 (n = 34).Main outcomes and measuresThe analytic sample was selected using multiple variables based on peer-reviewed literature supporting associations with ENDS use. The main outcomes-changes in cigarette smoking behavior between wave 2 and wave 3-were defined using 2 measures: (1) change in smoking frequency, defined as the number of smoking days in the previous 30 days at wave 3 vs wave 2, and (2) change in smoking intensity, defined as the number smoking days in the previous 30 days multiplied by the mean number of cigarettes consumed on smoking days at wave 3 vs wave 2.ResultsThe present cohort analyses included 1096 YA ever smokers who were ENDS naive at wave 1. The majority of the sample were women (609 [55.6%]) and White individuals (698 [63.7%]), and the mean (SD) age was 21.4 (1.9) years. In wave 1, 161 YAs (14.7%) were daily smokers in the previous 30 days. After propensity score matching, no statistically significant associations were observed between any definition of wave 2 ENDS use and changes in either the frequency or intensity of smoking at wave 3.Conclusions and relevanceIn this cohort study of US YA ever smokers, ENDS use was not associated with either decreased or increased cigarette smoking during a 1-year period. However, it is possible that the rapidly evolving marketplace of vaping products may lead to different trajectories of YA cigarette and ENDS use in the future.
| S-EPMC7686868 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Alcohol consumption is typically correlated with the alcohol use behaviors of one's peers. Previous research has suggested that this positive relationship could be due to social selection, social influence, or a combination of both processes. However, few studies have considered the role of shared genetic and environmental influences in conjunction with causal processes.This study uses data from a sample of male twins (N = 1,790) who provided retrospective reports of their own alcohol consumption and their peers' alcohol-related behaviors, from adolescence into young adulthood (ages 12 to 25). Structural equation modeling was employed to compare 3 plausible models of genetic and environmental influences on the relationship between phenotypes over time.Model fitting indicated that one's own alcohol consumption and the alcohol use of one's peers are related through both genetic and shared environmental factors and through unique environmental causal influences. The relative magnitude of these factors, and their contribution to covariation, changed over time, with genetic factors becoming more meaningful later in development.Peers' alcohol use behaviors and one's own alcohol consumption are related through a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors that act via correlated factors and the complementary causal mechanisms of social selection and influence. Understanding these processes can inform risk assessment as well as improve our ability to model the development of alcohol use.
| S-EPMC4331262 | biostudies-other
Project description:IntroductionThe prevalence of flavor use in Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) has been assessed in numerous studies, but limited research has focused on flavor use trends and maintenance of flavor preference over time. This study investigated the general trends and maintenance of ENDS flavor use for youth (aged 12-17 years), young adults (aged 18-24 years), and older adults (aged ≥25 years) between 2014 and 2019.MethodsPopulation Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 2 (2014-2015), Wave 3 (2015-2016), Wave 4 (2016-2017), and Wave 5 (2018-2019) youth and adult data were used. Cross-sectional flavor use prevalence (trends) and flavor maintenance (using the same flavor category in at least three consecutive waves) were assessed.ResultsThe most reported primary flavor category was fruit among all age groups in all waves. Candy/desserts in waves two, three, four, and menthol/mint in wave five were the second most reported flavor in all age groups. The highest increase was observed for menthol/mint use among youth between wave two (21.9%) and five (58.1%) (OR=5.33; 95% CI: 3.58-7.96). Overall, 37.6% of fruit flavor users, 25.3% of candy/desserts users, 32.0% of menthol/mint users, and 33.4% of tobacco flavor users, maintained use of the same flavor in at least three consecutive waves.ConclusionsFruit flavor had the highest percentages of use and maintenance between 2014 and 2019. While the maintenance of fruit and candy/desserts flavors were higher among youth, adults had substantially higher maintenance percentages for menthol/mint and tobacco flavor. There was a substantial increase in menthol/mint use in wave five among youth, which may affect ENDS flavor maintenance patterns in the future. Understanding maintenance of flavors over time can inform regulation of ENDS flavors.
| S-EPMC10198257 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose of reviewThe objective of this scoping review is to use a health equity lens to understand the extent and type of evidence that exists about the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) based on socioecological understandings of health influences (i.e., the US National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities' (NIMHD) Research Framework). The research question guiding the review was as follows: What is the range and scope of research that exists to help characterize health disparities related to ENDS use?Recent findingsNinety-eight articles published between 2019 and 2022 often examined racial/ethnic differences in ENDS use; however, other demographic characteristics, domains of influence across the life course, and levels of influence beyond individuals were rarely considered. As most studies were derived from large-scale, cross-sectional US national surveys, few longitudinal studies or intervention trials were published.SummaryThe use of the NIMHD framework to analyze recent literature helped identify research patterns and gaps that may be important to recognize for optimizing population health strategies to advance health equity. Future research on non-individual level factors influencing ENDS, interventions to effectively use ENDS for combustible cigarette cessation, and subpopulations susceptible to dual use may enhance existing science. Monitoring research using the NIMHD research framework can help researchers and policy makers to identify and when appropriate, prioritize support for overlooked but important research questions.
| S-EPMC11452013 | biostudies-literature