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Targeting the HTLV-I-Regulated BATF3/IRF4 Transcriptional Network in Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma.

ABSTRACT: Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a frequently incurable disease associated with the human lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). RNAi screening of ATLL lines revealed that their proliferation depends on BATF3 and IRF4, which cooperatively drive ATLL-specific gene expression. HBZ, the only HTLV-I encoded transcription factor that is expressed in all ATLL cases, binds to an ATLL-specific BATF3 super-enhancer and thereby regulates the expression of BATF3 and its downstream targets, including MYC. Inhibitors of bromodomain-and-extra-terminal-domain (BET) chromatin proteins collapsed the transcriptional network directed by HBZ and BATF3, and were consequently toxic for ATLL cell lines, patient samples, and xenografts. Our study demonstrates that the HTLV-I oncogenic retrovirus exploits a regulatory module that can be attacked therapeutically with BET inhibitors.

SUBMITTER: Nakagawa M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8078141 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Targeting the HBZ Viral Oncoprotein Transcriptional Network in Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Project description:Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is a frequently incurable disease associated with the human lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). The transcription factor HBZ is the only virally encoded gene that is expressed in all ATLL cases, but it is unclear why it may be essential in ATLL and how it might be targeted therapeutically. Here we performed RNA interference screening of ATLL lines and discovered that their proliferation depends on the transcription factors BATF3 and IRF4, which regulate the identity of normal immune cells. These factors, which are highly expressed in ATLL, cooperatively bind and transactivate genes that distinguish ATLL from other T cell malignancies, including BATF3 itself. HBZ binds to an ATLL-specific BATF3 super-enhancer and thereby regulates the expression of BATF3 and its downstream targets, including the oncogene MYC. The BET protein inhibitor JQ1 collapsed the transcriptional network directed by HBZ and BATF3, and was consequently toxic for ATLL lines and patient samples in vitro, and blocked growth of ATLL xenografts. Our study demonstrates that the HTLV-I virus exploits a regulatory module that can potentially be attacked therapeutically with BET protein inhibitors.

2018-07-10 | GSE94409 | GEO