The effect of intramuscular injection technique on injection associated pain; a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Aim

To review the effect of different intramuscular injection (IMI) techniques on injection associated pain, in adults.

Methods

The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019136097). MEDLINE, EMBASE, British Nursing Index and CINAHL were searched up to June 2020. Included studies were appraised and a meta-analysis, where appropriate, was conducted with a random effects model and test for heterogeneity. Standardised mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval in reported injection pain (intervention cf. control) was reported.

Results

29 studies were included in the systematic review and 20 studies in the meta-analysis. 13 IMI techniques were identified. 10 studies applied local pressure to the injection site. Of these, applying manual pressure (4 stu

SUBMITTER: Ayinde O 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8092782 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature