Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Fire boundaries of lithium-ion cell eruption gases caused by thermal runaway.

ABSTRACT: Lithium-ion batteries are applied in electric vehicles to mitigate climate change. However, their practical applications are impeded by poor safety performance owing mainly to the cell eruption gas (CEG) fire triangle. Here, we report quantitatively the three fire boundaries corresponding to the CEG fire triangle of four types of mainstream cells with the state of charge (SOC) values ranging from 0% to 143% based on 29 thermal runaway tests conducted in an inert atmosphere in open literature. Controlling the SOC and/or selecting a reasonable cell type can alter the minimum CEG and oxygen concentrations required for ignition, thereby changing the probability of a battery fire. The ignition temperature varies greatly according to the type of ignition source type. Temperature and ignition source type play a leading role in the ignition mode. Breaking any fire boundary will stop the ignition of CEG, thus significantly improving the battery safety performance.

SUBMITTER: Li W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8102908 | biostudies-literature | 2021 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Fire boundaries of lithium-ion cell eruption gases caused by thermal runaway.

Li Weifeng W Rao Shun S Xiao Yang Y Gao Zhenhai Z Chen Yupeng Y Wang Hewu H Ouyang Minggao M

iScience 20210407 5

Lithium-ion batteries are applied in electric vehicles to mitigate climate change. However, their practical applications are impeded by poor safety performance owing mainly to the cell eruption gas (CEG) fire triangle. Here, we report quantitatively the three fire boundaries corresponding to the CEG fire triangle of four types of mainstream cells with the state of charge (SOC) values ranging from 0% to 143% based on 29 thermal runaway tests conducted in an inert atmosphere in open literature. Co ...[more]

PMID: 33997686

Similar Datasets

A comparative study on the thermal runaway inhibition of 18650 lithium-ion batteries by different fire extinguishing agents.

Project description:Safety issue of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is always a concern. We have studied the inhabitation on thermal runaway (TR) and propagation of 18,650 LIBs in an enclosed space systematically. LIBs at 70% state of charge are chosen for testing. Four fire extinguishing agents are applied on LIB arrays for 20 s, and the inhibiting effects are different. The cooling efficiency varies with the surface temperatures of LIBs. Water spray has the highest cooling efficiency and inhibits the TR propagation among LIB arrays successfully. Three LIBs undergo TR for the releasing of ABC ultrafine dry powder. BC ultrafine dry powder and Novec 1230 are failed to inhibit the TR propagation. Nevertheless, Novec 1230 shows the best on inhibiting fire occurring and the generation of toxic gas. Generally, this study provides valuable information for the choice of fire extinguishing agents.

| S-EPMC8333160 | biostudies-literature

In-operando high-speed tomography of lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway.

Project description:Prevention and mitigation of thermal runaway presents one of the greatest challenges for the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the application of high-speed synchrotron X-ray computed tomography and radiography, in conjunction with thermal imaging, to track the evolution of internal structural damage and thermal behaviour during initiation and propagation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries. This diagnostic approach is applied to commercial lithium-ion batteries (LG 18650 NMC cells), yielding insights into key degradation modes including gas-induced delamination, electrode layer collapse and propagation of structural degradation. It is envisaged that the use of these techniques will lead to major improvements in the design of Li-ion batteries and their safety features.

| S-EPMC4423228 | biostudies-literature

Experimental Study of Thermal Runaway Process of 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery.

Project description:This study addresses the effects of the SOC (State of Charge) and the charging-discharging process on the thermal runaway of 18650 lithium-ion batteries. A series of experiments were conducted on an electric heating and testing apparatus. The experimental results indicate that 6 W is the critical heating power for 40% SOC. With a 20 W constant heating rate, the thermal runaway initial temperature of the lithium-ion battery decreases with the increasing SOC. The final thermal runaway temperature increases with the SOC when the SOC is lower than 80%. However, a contrary conclusion was obtained when the SOC was higher than 80%. Significant mass loss, accompanied by an intense exothermic reaction, took place under a higher SOC. The critical charging current, beyond which the thermal runaway occurs, was found to be 2.6 A. The thermal runaway initial temperature decreases with the increasing charging current, while the intensity of the exothermic reaction varies inversely. Mass ejection of gas and electrolytes exists during thermal runaway when the charging current is higher than 10.4 A, below which only a large amount of gas is released. The thermal runaway initial temperature of discharging is higher than that of non-discharging.

| S-EPMC5503358 | biostudies-other

In situ neutron imaging of lithium-ion batteries during heating to thermal runaway.

Project description:Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become essential components that power most current technologies, such as smartphones and electric vehicles, thus making various safety evaluations necessary to ensure their safe use. Among these evaluations, heating tests remain the most prominent source of safety issues. However, information on the phenomena occurring inside batteries during heating has remained inaccessible. In this study, we demonstrate the first in situ neutron imaging method to observe the internal structural deformation of LIBs during heating. We developed an airtight aluminium chamber specially designed to prevent radioactive contamination during in situ neutron imaging. We successfully observed the liquid electrolyte fluctuation inside a battery sample and the deformation of the protective plastic film upon heating up to thermal runaway. Hence, this work provides the foundation for future investigations of the internal changes induced in batteries during heating tests and experiments.

| S-EPMC10716412 | biostudies-literature

Thermal runaway features of large-format power lithium-ion cells under various thermal abuse patterns and capacities.

Project description:Herein, a comprehensive investigation is performed to research the thermal runaway features of large-format power lithium-ion cells under various heating patterns (2 kW electric heating oven and 600 W electric heating plate) and capacities (60, 150, and 180 Ah). Although the electric heating plate induces the cell to encounter thermal runaway earlier in comparison with the electric heating oven, the combustion does not appear for the former case since the compact stacking of the electric heating plate restrains the heat release of the heater such that the surrounding temperature is too low to induce the ignition of the thermal runaway combustibles. Besides that, it is interesting to find that the color of the ejected products under the electric heating plate condition becomes shallower as the thermal runaway proceeds, which implies that the ejecta in the initial of thermal runaway is mixed with quantities of solid particles and the proportion would gradually decrease. With the increase of the cell capacity, thermal runaway emerges later as a result of the greater cell height which delays the cell temperature rise, when exposed to an electric heating oven. In addition, the cell with a larger capacity demonstrates a lower peak temperature, a lower maximum temperature rise rate, a shorter combustion, a lower flame temperature, and a weaker radiation heat strength during thermal runaway; that is, less heat is released due to its violent thermal runaway behaviour. Finally, the severe explosion risk for the larger-capacity cell should be especially noted considering the larger amount of explosive gases released.

| S-EPMC10594080 | biostudies-literature

Operando monitoring of thermal runaway in commercial lithium-ion cells via advanced lab-on-fiber technologies.

Project description:Operando monitoring of complex physical and chemical activities inside rechargeable lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway is critical to understanding thermal runaway mechanisms and giving early warning of safety-related failure. However, most existing sensors cannot survive during such extremely hazardous thermal runaway processes (temperature up to 500 °C accompanied by fire and explosion). To address this, we develop a compact and multifunctional optical fiber sensor (12 mm in length and 125 µm in diameter) capable of insertion into commercial 18650 cells to continuously monitor internal temperature and pressure effects during cell thermal runaway. We observe a stable and reproducible correlation between the cell thermal runaway and the optical response. The sensor's signal shows two internal pressure peaks corresponding to safety venting and initiation of thermal runaway. Further analysis reveals that a scalable solution for predicting imminent thermal runaway is the detection of the abrupt turning range of the differential curves of cell temperature and pressure, which corresponds to an internal transformation between the cell reversible and irreversible reactions. By raising an alert even before safety venting, this new operando measurement tool can provide crucial capabilities in cell safety assessment and warning of thermal runaway.

| S-EPMC10462619 | biostudies-literature

Data and video for the thermal and fire propagation of multiple lithium-ion batteries.

Project description:The data presented in this article are related to research article "Investigation on thermal and fire propagation behaviors of multiple lithium-ion batteries within the package" (Chen et al., 2019). This data article provides the data information including the experiment pictures, flame temperatures, pressure and heat flux sensors temperatures, and gas concentrations of 6 × 6 batteries and 10 × 10 batteries. The video of the whole thermal and fire propagation behaviors of 6 × 6 batteries is also provided.

| S-EPMC6742859 | biostudies-literature

Thermal runaway of Lithium-ion batteries employing LiN(SO<sub>2</sub>F)<sub>2</sub>-based concentrated electrolytes.

Project description:Concentrated electrolytes usually demonstrate good electrochemical performance and thermal stability, and are also supposed to be promising when it comes to improving the safety of lithium-ion batteries due to their low flammability. Here, we show that LiN(SO2F)2-based concentrated electrolytes are incapable of solving the safety issues of lithium-ion batteries. To illustrate, a mechanism based on battery material and characterizations reveals that the tremendous heat in lithium-ion batteries is released due to the reaction between the lithiated graphite and LiN(SO2F)2 triggered thermal runaway of batteries, even if the concentrated electrolyte is non-flammable or low-flammable. Generally, the flammability of an electrolyte represents its behaviors when oxidized by oxygen, while it is the electrolyte reduction that triggers the chain of exothermic reactions in a battery. Thus, this study lights the way to a deeper understanding of the thermal runaway mechanism in batteries as well as the design philosophy of electrolytes for safer lithium-ion batteries.

| S-EPMC7547674 | biostudies-literature

Identifying the Cause of Rupture of Li-Ion Batteries during Thermal Runaway.

Project description:As the energy density of lithium-ion cells and batteries increases, controlling the outcomes of thermal runaway becomes more challenging. If the high rate of gas generation during thermal runaway is not adequately vented, commercial cell designs can rupture and explode, presenting serious safety concerns. Here, ultra-high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging is used at >20 000 frames per second to characterize the venting processes of six different 18650 cell designs undergoing thermal runaway. For the first time, the mechanisms that lead to the most catastrophic type of cell failure, rupture, and explosion are identified and elucidated in detail. The practical application of the technique is highlighted by evaluating a novel 18650 cell design with a second vent at the base, which is shown to avoid the critical stages that lead to rupture. The insights yielded in this study shed new light on battery failure and are expected to guide the development of safer commercial cell designs.

| S-EPMC5770664 | biostudies-literature

Impact of safety valves on thermal runaway characteristics of 21 700-size lithium-ion cells† † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra01374j

Project description:To demonstrate the impact of safety valves on the thermal runaway characteristics of 21 700-size lithium-ion cells, this work carries out a series of abusive tests including over-heating tests, accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) tests and overcharge tests; in the meantime, the impact of safety valves on cells with various states of charge (SOC) and states of health (SOH) is unveiled accordingly. Safety valves have a great impact on the thermal runaway behavior of 21 700-size cells, which effectively restrains the thermal runaway risks and hazards of cells under the over-heating conditions. The presence of a safety valve could even prevent a cell from the thermal runaway induced by overcharge. A cell with a larger SOC and/or a lower SOH is prone to the thermal runaway occurring, with an earlier thermal runaway, a lower temperature to thermal runaway and a lower mass loss demonstrated. Besides that, it is found that the advancement ratio of the time to thermal runaway between cells with and without a safety valve was maintained at around 15%; that is, the existence of a safety valve is helpful to delay the encounter of thermal runaway by ∼15%. Safety valves have a great impact on the thermal runaway behavior of 21 700-size cells, and effectively restrain the thermal runaway risks and hazards of cells under typical abusive conditions.

| S-EPMC10021560 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data