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High monocyte level and low lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in autism spectrum disorders.

ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aims to investigate the level of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their ratios which may point to the immunological mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of ASD. Method: The complete blood count parameters of the 45 ASD cases were compared with those of healthy controls.Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was performed to measure the disease severity. Results: The monocytes of ASD group were significantly higher; and the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) was lower than the controls'. LMR and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were found to be predictors of ASD. The decrease in LMR (B: -0.744; P=0.035; CI: -1.431 to -0.056) and the increase in age (B: 0.432; P=0.045; CI: 0.011-0.853) were related to high CARS scores in linear regression analyses. Conclusions: The results of this study support the role of altered immune cell counts and ratios in ASD. A high monocyte level and low LMR may have diagnostic values in autism.

SUBMITTER: Tural Hesapcioglu S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8115457 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High monocyte level and low lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in autism spectrum disorders.

Tural Hesapcioglu Selma S Kasak Meryem M Cıtak Kurt Aysegül Nese AN Ceylan Mehmet Fatih MF

International journal of developmental disabilities 20170926 2

Objective: This study aims to investigate the level of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and their ratios which may point to the immunological mechanisms involved in the etiopathogenesis of ASD. Method: The complete blood count parameters of the 45 ASD cases were compared with those of healthy controls.Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was performed to measure the disease severity. Results: The monocytes of ASD group were significantly higher; and the lymphocyte-to-monoc ...[more]

PMID: 34141326

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Project description:(1) Background: Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. An inflammatory response is observed in multiple stages of cerebral ischemia, particularly in the acute phase. Recent publications revealed that the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) may be used to predict long-term prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after thrombolysis. To test whether there is a relationship between the combination of these parameters and long-term prognosis, we analyzed the NLR-LMR combination in AIS patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA); (2) Methods: The study included 285 adults with a diagnosis of AIS and rtPA treatment within a 4.5 h time window. Blood samples were obtained at admission and 24 h after thrombolysis to calculate pre- and post-thrombolysis NLR and LMR. Clinical data, including NIHSS was registered on admission and day 1. The long-term outcome was defined 90 days post-event by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Therapy-associated intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was classified according to ECASS II. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine optimal cutoffs of NLR and LMR as predictors of therapy outcomes; (3) Results: Patients were stratified by cutoffs of 5.73 for NLR and 2.08 for LMR. The multivariate logistic regression model, including all possible confounders, displayed no significant association between NLR or LMR with 3-months functional prognosis. The combination of high NLR-low LMR vs. low NRL-high LMR as obtained 24 h after thrombolysis was found to be an independent predictor of poor 3-months functional outcome (mRS ≥ 2; OR 3.407, 95% CI 1.449 to 8.011, p = 0.005). The proportion of patients between low NLR-high LMR and high NLR-low LMR groups from admission to day 1 showed no significant change in the good outcome group. On the other hand, in the poor outcome group (mRS ≥ 2), low NLR-high LMR and high NLR-low LMR groups displayed a significant shift in patient proportions from 67% and 21% at admission (p = 0.001) to 36% and 49% at 24 h after thrombolysis (p < 0.001), respectively; (4) Conclusions: Our study demonstrated for the first time that a high NLR-low LMR combination as observed at 24 h after thrombolysis can serve as an independent predictor of 3-months poor outcome in AIS patients. This simple and readily available data may help clinicians to improve the prognostic estimation of patients and may provide guidance in selecting patients for personalized and intensified care post-thrombolysis.

Project description:ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of the expression of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in distinguishing endometrial cancer from benign uterine lesions.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, clinical data were collected from 112 patients treated at Hengshui People's Hospital (Harrison International Peace Hospital) between January 2022 and December 2023. The cohort comprised 56 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer and 56 patients with benign uterine lesions, matched 1:1. Demographic details, comorbidities, and serological parameters - including WBC, RBC, Hb, MPV, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelet counts - were recorded. NLR, LMR, and PLR values were subsequently calculated.ResultsSignificant serological differences were observed between the endometrial cancer and benign lesion groups, including NLR (4.25 ± 1.23 vs. 2.18 ± 0.95, P < 0.001), LMR (3.12 ± 0.98 vs. 5.08 ± 1.75, P < 0.001), and PLR (201.23 ± 45.66 vs. 150.27 ± 30.45, P < 0.001). Correlation analysis indicated a strong association between endometrial cancer and NLR (r = 0.689, P < 0.001), LMR (r = -0.572, P < 0.001), and PLR (r = 0.552, P < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated that NLR (AUC = 0.91) offered superior diagnostic value relative to LMR (AUC = 0.841) and PLR (AUC = 0.83). Logistic regression identified significant associations for NLR ≥ 3.4 (OR = 69.173, P < 0.001), LMR ≥ 4.055 (OR = 0.048, P < 0.001), and PLR ≥ 150.445 (OR = 18.134, P = 0.002). DeLong's test revealed no significant differences in diagnostic performance among the ratios (NLR vs. LMR, P = 0.149; NLR vs. PLR, P = 0.08; LMR vs. PLR, P = 0.842).ConclusionNLR, LMR, and PLR are valuable hematological markers for diagnosing endometrial cancer, with NLR demonstrating the highest sensitivity and specificity. These findings support the inclusion of these serological parameters in routine diagnostic protocols to enhance the accurate identification of endometrial cancer.

Project description:BackgroundThe preoperative peripheral blood neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of various cancers but are always discussed separately. The aim of this study is to bring the combination of NLR, PLR and MLR into the prognostic assessment system of endometrial cancer (EC) and establish a nomogram to provide an objective prediction model for clinical decisions.MethodsA total of 1111 patients with EC who had accepted surgical treatment during 2013-2017 were involved in the analysis. Their NLR, PLR, and MLR levels were obtained from a routine blood examination within 2 weeks before operation. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine optimal cutoffs. Chi-square tests analysed the associations of the ratios with other clinicopathological variables. The prognostic value was indicated by overall survival (OS) via Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier analysis. R software was used to establish the nomogram based on the combination of NLR, PLR, MLR and other clinicopathological factors.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 40 months, and the median age was 56. The enrolled patients were stratified by cutoffs of 2.14 for NLR, 131.82 for PLR and 0.22 for MLR. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that high NLR over 2.14 (HR = 2.71, 95%CI = 1.83-4.02, P<0.001), high PLR over 131.82 (HR = 2.75, 95%CI = 1.90-3.97, P<0.001), and high MLR over 0.22 (HR = 1.72, 95%CI = 1.20-2.45, P = 0.003) were significantly associated with worse OS. The combined indicator, high NLR + high PLR + high MLR (HR = 4.34, 95%CI = 2.54-7.42, P<0.001), showed the highest prognostic value. The Harrell's concordance index of the nomogram was 0.847 (95% CI = 0.804-0.890), showing good discrimination and calibration of this model.ConclusionThe combination of NLR, PLR, and MLR is a superior prognostic factor of EC. The nomogram involving the combination of NLR, PLR, MLR and other clinicopathological factors is recommended to predict OS for EC patients clinically.

Project description:Background Research on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) in depression is still emerging and has increased 3-fold since the first meta-analysis. An updated meta-analysis with sufficient studies can provide more evidence for a potential relationship between NLR, PLR, MLR, and depression. Methods We identified 18 studies from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Web of Science databases. Meta-analyses were performed to generate pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between patients with depression and controls. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and publication bias were conducted. Results A total of 18 studies including 2,264 depressed patients and 2,415 controls were included. Depressed patients had significantly higher NLR and PLR compared with controls (SMD = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15–0.52, p < 0.001 and SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.02–0.46, p < 0.05, respectively). MLR was slightly higher in depressed individuals compared to controls (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI: −0.26 to 0.55, p > 0.05), despite the absence of significance. Sensitivity analysis removing one study responsible for heterogeneity showed a higher and significant effect (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.20–0.44) of MLR. Three subgroup analyses of NLR, PLR, MLR, and depression revealed obvious differences in the inflammatory ratios between depressed patients and controls in China and the matched age and gender subgroup. Individuals with post-stroke depression (PSD) had higher NLR and MLR values as compared to non-PSD patients (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.36–0.67, p < 0.001 and SMD = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.12–0.79, p < 0.01, respectively). Meta-regression analyses showed that male proportion in the case group influenced the heterogeneity among studies that measured NLR values (p < 0.05). Conclusions Higher inflammatory ratios, especially NLR, were significantly associated with an increased risk of depression. In the subgroup of China and matched age and gender, NLR, PLR, and MLR were all elevated in depressed patients vs. controls. Individuals with PSD had higher NLR and MLR values as compared to non-PSD patients. Gender differences may have an effect on NLR values in patients with depression.

Project description:The association of the peripheral lymphocyte‑to‑monocyte ratio (LMR) with α‑fetoprotein (AFP) status in patients with AFP‑positive and AFP‑negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been investigated in detail. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the LMR and AFP status in these patients. The samples were obtained from patients with a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, who were negative for non‑HBV hepatitis viruses and who did not suffer from autoimmune hepatitis. These patients were retrospectively reviewed and the differences of test indicators in the AFP‑negative and AFP‑positive groups were assessed. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression levels of CD4, CD8 and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‑1), and ELISAs were used to analyze the expression levels of interleukin (IL)‑10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1. In addition, luciferase reporter assays were used to assess binding of the IL‑10 promoter to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene. Receiver operating characteristic curve and Spearman correlation analyses demonstrated that the AFP‑negative HCC group exhibited a higher LMR, lower D‑dimer and lower fibrin degradation products compared with the AFP‑positive HCC group. The cut‑off value of the LMR was 2.01 for AFP detection, with a sensitivity of 68.6% and a specificity of 75%. The high LMR noted in the AFP‑negative HCC group was accompanied by a lower proportion of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8‑PD‑1 expression compared with the corresponding levels of these parameters in the AFP‑positive HCC group. Furthermore, the high levels of IL‑10 and low levels of TGF‑β1 were expressed in the AFP‑positive HCC group. The data indicated that the IL‑10‑592 promoter exhibited a potent induction of luciferase activity in 293T cells cotransfected with a GR‑overexpressing vector compared with the control cells. However, the relative luciferase activity was not altered following a mutation or polymorphism in the IL‑10 gene. These results suggested that a high LMR was indicative of low AFP expression in HBV‑associated HCC patients.

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High monocyte level and low lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in autism spectrum disorders.

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High monocyte level and low lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in autism spectrum disorders.

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