Immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: advancements and challenges.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhou F
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8143766 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: advancements and challenges.
Chinese medical journal 20210216 10
Similar Datasets
Project description:Rearrangements in the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene have been implicated in 5-6% of all non-small cell lung cancers. ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancers are sensitive to ALK-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but generally resistant to single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we aim to describe the mechanisms of ALK aberrations in non-small cell lung cancer by which an immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment is created, leading to host immune evasion. We report pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating novel immunotherapeutic approaches and describe the promises and challenges of incorporating immune-based treatments for ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer.
| S-EPMC8004790 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AbstractImmunotherapy has dramatically altered the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Currently, the emergence of combination strategies in immunotherapy has brightened the prospects of improved clinical outcomes and manageable safety profiles in the first/second-line settings. However, sub-optimal response rates are still observed in several clinical trials. Hence, alternative combination models and candidate selection strategies need to be explored. Herein, we have critically reviewed and commented on the published data from several clinical trials, including combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents, epidermal growth factor receptor/anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors, radiotherapy, and other immune checkpoint inhibitors.
| S-EPMC8382384 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7212126 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly lethal disease, characterized by early metastasis and rapid growth, and no effective treatment after relapse. Etoposide-platinum (EP) combination has been the backbone therapy of SCLC over the past 30 years. It is extremely urgent and important to seek new therapies for SCLC. In the past 5 years, immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte associatedprotein-4 (CTLA-4), has made remarkable achievements in the treatment of patients with SCLC, and it has become the first-line option for the treatment of some patients. Some traditional chemotherapeutic drugs or targeted drugs, such as alkylating agent temozolomide and transcription inhibitor lurbinectedin, have been found to have immunomodulatory effects and are expected to become new immunotherapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed to review the efficacy of new treatments for SCLC and discuss the current challenges and application prospect in the treatment of SCLC patients.
| S-EPMC7072020 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The efficacy of immunotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unsatisfactory, as the majority of patients either do not experience an objective response or acquire secondary resistance. As a result, several methods to enhance the systemic efficacy of immunotherapy have been investigated, including a large area of active research by combining immunotherapy with radiation therapy (RT). Given the rapidly burgeoning concept of combining immunotherapy and RT for increasing therapeutic benefit, we review the progress in this field thus far and explore further avenues for enhancing this combination. This review commences with a discussion of the only two existing randomized trials (and a pooled analysis) showing that the addition of RT to immunotherapy improves the abscopal response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival in metastatic NSCLC patients. We then discussed factors and biomarkers that may be associated with a proportionally greater benefit to additional RT, such as low programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) status, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and patient's immune function. Next, the implementation of RT to overcome immunotherapy resistance is discussed, including a mechanistic discussion and methods with which these mechanisms could be exploited. Lastly, the emerging role of low-dose RT is discussed, which may help to overcome inhibitory signals in the tumor stroma that limit T-cell infiltration. Taken together, given the current state of this rapidly expanding realm, these futuristic strategies may be reflected upon to further enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for a wider group of patients.
| S-EPMC8626591 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The current use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of lung cancer has dramatically changed the clinical strategy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). As a result of great achievements in clinical trials, 6 programmed death-1 inhibitors (sintilimab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab, pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, and nivolumab), 2 programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors (sugemalimab and atezolizumab), and 1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 inhibitor (ipilimumab) have been approved as first-line treatment for mNSCLC by the US Food and Drug Administration. Recently, research on ICIs has shifted from a large number of second-line to first-line settings in clinical trials. Results from first-line trials have shown that almost all driver-negative mNSCLC are treated with ICIs and significantly prolong patient survival; however, the low response rate and adverse reactions to immunotherapy remain to be addressed. Here, we summarize the use of ICIs, including monotherapy and combination therapy, in the first-line treatment of mNSCLC in recent years and discuss the low response rate and adverse reactions of ICIs as well as the challenges and expectations for the first-line treatment of mNSCLC in the future.
| S-EPMC10798763 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Immunotherapy has represented one of the main medical revolutions of recent decades, and is currently a consolidated treatment for different types of tumors at different stages and scenarios, and is present in a multitude of clinical trials. One of the diseases in which it is most developed is non-small cell lung cancer. The combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer in general and lung cancer in particular currently represents one of the main focuses of basic and clinical research in oncology, due to the synergy of this interaction, which can improve tumor response, resulting in improved survival and disease control. In this review we present the biochemical and molecular basis of the interaction between radiotherapy and immunotherapy. We also present the current clinical status of this interaction in each of the stages and cases of non-small cell lung cancer, with the main results obtained in the different studies both in terms of tumor response and survival as well as toxicity. Finally, we mention the main studies underway and the challenges of this interaction in the coming years, including how these treatments should be combined to achieve the greatest efficacy with the fewest possible side effects (dose, type of radiotherapy and drugs, sequence of treatments).
| S-EPMC8641011 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Targeted therapies that deliver the expected anti-tumor effects while mitigating the adverse effects are taking the cancer world by storm. The need for such therapies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where systemic cytotoxic chemotherapies still remain the backbone of management, is felt more than ever before. Runway success of immunotherapies such as Ipilimumab for melanoma has brought excitement among oncologists. Immune-based treatments are in various stages of evaluation for NSCLC as well. Immunotherapies using strategies of antigen based or cell based vaccines, and blocking immune checkpoints are of substantial interest. Meaningful clinical responses are yet to be reaped from these new treatment modalities.
| S-EPMC4014795 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for patients with non-small cell lung cancers. Existing treatment paradigms for brain metastases in lung cancer patients leave patients with adverse neurocognitive function, poor quality of life, and dismal prognosis, thus highlighting the need to develop more effective systemic therapies. Although data are limited, emerging knowledge suggests promising activity and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer patients. This review aims to summarize the current data, highlight the challenges of incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating these patients, and identify areas for future research.
| S-EPMC8303291 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer with the highest mortality rate worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~85% of the total number of lung cancer cases. In the past two decades, immunotherapy has become a more promising treatment method than traditional treatments (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Immunotherapy has been shown to improve the survival rate of patients and to have a superior effect when controlling lung cancer than traditional therapy. However, only a small number of patients can benefit from immunotherapy, and not all patients who qualify experience long-term benefits. In the clinic, the objective response rate of programmed cell death protein 1 treatment without the prior screening of patients is only 15-20%. Immunotherapy is associated with both opportunities and challenges for patients with NSCLC. The current challenges of immunotherapy include the lack of accurate biomarkers, inevitable resistance and insufficient understanding of immune checkpoints. In previous years, several methods for overcoming the challenges posed by immunotherapy have been proposed, but combination therapy is the most suitable choice. A large number of studies have shown that the combination of drugs can significantly improve their efficacy, compared with monotherapy, and that some therapeutic combinations have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of NSCLC. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a traditional medical practice in China that can play an important role in immunotherapy. Most agents used in TCM originate from plants, and have the advantages of low toxicity and multiple targets. In addition, TCM includes a unique class of drugs that can improve autoimmunity. Therefore, TCM may be a promising treatment method for all types of cancer.
| S-EPMC8456509 | biostudies-literature