Dataset Information

Polyploidy underlies co-option and diversification of biosynthetic triterpene pathways in the apple tribe.

ABSTRACT: Whole-genome duplication (WGD) plays important roles in plant evolution and function, yet little is known about how WGD underlies metabolic diversification of natural products that bear significant medicinal properties, especially in nonmodel trees. Here, we reveal how WGD laid the foundation for co-option and differentiation of medicinally important ursane triterpene pathway duplicates, generating distinct chemotypes between species and between developmental stages in the apple tribe. After generating chromosome-level assemblies of a widely cultivated loquat variety and Gillenia trifoliata, we define differentially evolved, duplicated gene pathways and date the WGD in the apple tribe at 13.5 to 27.1 Mya, much more recent than previously thought. We then functionally characterize contrasting metabolic pathways responsible for major triterpene biosynthesis in G. trifoliata and loquat, which pre- and postdate the Maleae WGD, respectively. Our work mechanistically details the metabolic diversity that arose post-WGD and provides insights into the genomic basis of medicinal properties of loquat, which has been used in both traditional and modern medicines.

SUBMITTER: Su W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8157987 | biostudies-literature | 2021 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Polyploidy underlies co-option and diversification of biosynthetic triterpene pathways in the apple tribe.

Su Wenbing W Jing Yi Y Lin Shoukai S Yue Zhen Z Yang Xianghui X Xu Jiabao J Wu Jincheng J Zhang Zhike Z Xia Rui R Zhu Jiaojiao J An Ning N Chen Haixin H Hong Yanping Y Yuan Yuan Y Long Ting T Zhang Ling L Jiang Yuanyuan Y Liu Zongli Z Zhang Hailan H Gao Yongshun Y Liu Yuexue Y Lin Hailan H Wang Huicong H Yant Levi L Lin Shunquan S Liu Zhenhua Z

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20210501 20

Whole-genome duplication (WGD) plays important roles in plant evolution and function, yet little is known about how WGD underlies metabolic diversification of natural products that bear significant medicinal properties, especially in nonmodel trees. Here, we reveal how WGD laid the foundation for co-option and differentiation of medicinally important ursane triterpene pathway duplicates, generating distinct chemotypes between species and between developmental stages in the apple tribe. After gen ...[more]

PMID: 33986115

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Project description:Whole genome duplication or polyploidy is widespread among floras globally, but traditionally has been thought to have played a minor role in the evolution of island biodiversity, based on the low proportion of polyploid taxa present. We investigate five island systems (Juan Fernández, Galápagos, Canary Islands, Hawaiian Islands, and New Zealand) to test whether polyploidy (i) enhances or hinders diversification on islands and (ii) is an intrinsic feature of a lineage or an attribute that emerges in island environments. These island systems are diverse in their origins, geographic and latitudinal distributions, levels of plant species endemism (37% in the Galapagos to 88% in the Hawaiian Islands), and ploidy levels, and taken together are representative of islands more generally. We compiled data for vascular plants and summarized information for each genus on each island system, including the total number of species (native and endemic), generic endemicity, chromosome numbers, genome size, and ploidy levels. Dated phylogenies were used to infer lineage age, number of colonization events, and change in ploidy level relative to the non-island sister lineage. Using phylogenetic path analysis, we then tested how the diversification of endemic lineages varied with the direct and indirect effects of polyploidy (presence of polyploidy, time on island, polyploidization near colonization, colonizer pool size) and other lineage traits not associated with polyploidy (time on island, colonizer pool size, repeat colonization). Diploid and tetraploid were the most common ploidy levels across all islands, with the highest ploidy levels (>8x) recorded for the Canary Islands (12x) and New Zealand (20x). Overall, we found that endemic diversification of our focal island floras was shaped by polyploidy in many cases and certainly others still to be detected considering the lack of data in many lineages. Polyploid speciation on the islands was enhanced by a larger source of potential congeneric colonists and a change in ploidy level compared to overseas sister taxa.

Dataset Information

Polyploidy underlies co-option and diversification of biosynthetic triterpene pathways in the apple tribe.

Publications

Polyploidy underlies co-option and diversification of biosynthetic triterpene pathways in the apple tribe.

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