Dataset Information

Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal.

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem, and Nepal is no exception. Countries are expected to report annually to the World Health Organization on their AMR surveillance progress through a Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, in which Nepal enrolled in 2017. We assessed the quality of AMR surveillance data during 2019-2020 at nine surveillance sites in Province 3 of Nepal for completeness, consistency, and timeliness and examined barriers for non-reporting sites. Here, we present the results of this cross-sectional descriptive study of secondary AMR data from five reporting sites and barriers identified through a structured questionnaire completed by representatives at the five reporting and four non-reporting sites. Among the 1584 records from the reporting sites assessed for consistency and completeness, 77-92% were consistent and 88-100% were complete, with inter-site variation. Data from two sites were received by the 15th day of the following month, whereas receipt was delayed by a mean of 175 days at three other sites. All four non-reporting sites lacked dedicated data personnel, and two lacked computers. The AMR surveillance data collection process needs improvement in completeness, consistency, and timeliness. Non-reporting sites need support to meet the specific requirements for data compilation and sharing.

SUBMITTER: Acharya J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8167624 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal.

Acharya Jyoti J Zolfo Maria M Enbiale Wendemagegn W Kyaw Khine Wut Yee KWY Bhattachan Meika M Rijal Nisha N Shrestha Anjana A Shrestha Basudha B Madhup Surendra Kumar SK Raghubanshi Bijendra Raj BR Kattel Hari Prasad HP Rajbhandari Piyush P Bhandari Parmananda P Thakur Subhash S Sharma Saroj S Singh Dipendra Raman DR Jha Runa R

Tropical medicine and infectious disease 20210423 2

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem, and Nepal is no exception. Countries are expected to report annually to the World Health Organization on their AMR surveillance progress through a Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, in which Nepal enrolled in 2017. We assessed the quality of AMR surveillance data during 2019-2020 at nine surveillance sites in Province 3 of Nepal for completeness, consistency, and timeliness and examined barriers for non-reporting sites. Here, ...[more]

PMID: 33922405

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Project description:This work presents a multi-hurdle approach that addresses antimicrobial resistance by minimizing the selective pressure of antimicrobials using a novel colicinogenic-phage system. We have created two synthetic T7 phages (T7-E1 and T7-M) by inserting the gene of colicin E1 (Cea) or colicin M (Cma) into the genome of the T7 phage, thereby adding an additional colicin-based hurdle to the T7 lytic cycle. The colicin-phages' efficacy in suppressing the outgrowth of a T7-resistant sub-population within a mixed culture of Escherichia coli was demonstrated using a challenge matrix design under planktonic and structured conditions. When T7-resistant cells were present at 1% of the total planktonic population, T7-E1 delayed the outgrowth. At 0.1% resistance, T7-M delayed resistant outgrowth, whereas T7-E1 suppressed the resistant sub-population. When T7-E1 and T7-M were combined into a triple-hurdle treatment, the T7-E1/T7-M cocktail completely suppressed a mixed planktonic population of 50% resistance cell concentrations. In structured environments, the colicin-phage treatments formed clear and confluent plaque-like zones of clearing in the mixed populations of 50% resistant cells with a lawn density of 1 × 106 CFU/mL. Reducing the lawn density to 1 × 105 CFU/mL diminished the multi-hurdle treatments' effectiveness, as demonstrated by localized zones of clearing within turbid bacterial lawns, highlighting the relationship between bacterial lawn density and phage effectiveness in structured environments. Fluctuation assays revealed persistence as the predominant mechanism for overcoming the treatments by T7-sensitive E. coli. Results indicate that T7-M treatment significantly reduces persister formation compared to WT-T7, while T7-E1 unexpectedly increases persister formation significantly. This suggests a complex relationship between antimicrobial stress and persister formation.ImportanceAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant challenge in treating bacterial infections. To address this, we present a multi-hurdle approach that combines the power of different antimicrobials to target resistance. We have weaponized the natural predator of Escherichia coli, the T7-phage, by engineering it to produce toxins called colicins, resulting in a colicin-phage antimicrobial. This multi-hurdled approach aims to decrease resistance risk because survival requires different tactics to overcome the phage and colicin activity, thus adding a hurdle in a bacterium's pathway to resistance. In cases of pre-existing resistance, the colicin effectively controlled the sub-population resistant to the phage. When investigating the emergence of resistance, we discovered that antimicrobial persistence was the predominant survival strategy. These findings reveal an essential slice of the AMR pie by emphasizing bacterial survival tactics that are not based on resistance genes. By expanding our AMR lens to include persistence, we can more effectively address treatment failure.

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Dataset Information

Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal.

Publications

Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal.

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