Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of cobalt, copper and magnesium ions in a pro inflammatory environment.

ABSTRACT: Biomaterials and scaffolds for Tissue Engineering are widely used for an effective healing and regeneration. However, the implantation of these scaffolds causes an innate immune response in which the macrophage polarization from M1 (pro-inflammatory) to M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotype is crucial to avoid chronic inflammation. Recent studies have showed that the use of bioactive ions such as cobalt (Co²⁺), copper (Cu²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) could improve tissue regeneration, although there is limited evidence on their effect on the macrophage response. Therefore, we investigated the immunomodulatory potential of Co²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in macrophage polarization. Our results indicate that Mg²⁺ and concentrations of Cu

SUBMITTER: Diez-Tercero L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8175577 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature