Dataset Information

Invaginating Structures in Synapses - Perspective.

ABSTRACT: Invaginating structures are common in the synapses of most animals. However, the details of these invaginating structures remain understudied in part because they are not well resolved in light microscopy and were often misidentified in early electron microscope (EM) studies. Utilizing experimental techniques along with the latest advances in microscopy, such as focused ion beam-scanning EM (FIB-SEM), evidence is gradually building to suggest that the synaptic invaginating structures contribute to synapse development, maintenance, and plasticity. These invaginating structures are most elaborate in synapses mediating rapid integration of signals, such as muscle contraction, mechanoreception, and vision. Here we argue that the synaptic invaginations should be considered in future studies seeking to understand their role in sensory integration and coordination, learning, and memory. We review the various types of invaginating structures in the synapses and discuss their potential functions. We also present several new examples of invaginating structures from a variety of animals including Drosophila and mice, mainly using FIB-SEM, with which we trace the form and arrangement of these structures.

SUBMITTER: Petralia RS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8180840 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Invaginating Structures in Synapses - Perspective.

Petralia Ronald S RS Yao Pamela J PJ Kapogiannis Dimitrios D Wang Ya-Xian YX

Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience 20210524

Invaginating structures are common in the synapses of most animals. However, the details of these invaginating structures remain understudied in part because they are not well resolved in light microscopy and were often misidentified in early electron microscope (EM) studies. Utilizing experimental techniques along with the latest advances in microscopy, such as focused ion beam-scanning EM (FIB-SEM), evidence is gradually building to suggest that the synaptic invaginating structures contribute ...[more]

PMID: 34108873

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Project description:IntroductionPostgraduate medical education (PGME) relies on structured training rotations and workplace-based learning (WBL) to provide comprehensive clinical training and professional development. Emphasizing WBL, PGME integrates theoretical knowledge with practical skills through direct patient care involvement, underscoring the pivotal role of training institutes in supporting these initiatives. While curricular changes in PGME have been extensively studied in clinical teaching hospitals, PGME programs in public health (PGME-PH) remain underexplored, yet their multidisciplinary nature post-COVID-19 underscores the urgency for effective curricular reforms. This study explores how training institutions offering PGME-PH navigate the adoption of structured training rotations and a transition to a national employer by examining organizational perspectives to enhance sustainability and integration of educational innovations in this unique context.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 14 participants from 8 training institutions offering PGME-PH in the Netherlands between October and November 2022 to explore their experiences with the implementation of a rotational training structure. The interviews were guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).ResultsThe analysis identified three pivotal themes influencing sustainable implementation and ownership: influence, communication, and motivation. Participants expressed concerns about reduced influence in organizing PGME-PH and noted significant communication challenges, such as ambiguity in roles, program frameworks, and financial aspects. Despite these obstacles, participants showed strong motivation for education and underscored the importance of collaboration and shared responsibility.ConclusionThe successful implementation of structured training rotations was negatively impacted by training institutions' experience of limited influence and communication challenges. This led to diminished ownership of the new PGME-PH curriculum, potentially affecting its long-term sustainability. Despite these challenges, participants maintain high motivation for educational delivery. Enhancing sustainable implementation requires fostering ownership, promoting collective responsibility, establishing clear communication channels, and nurturing motivation. These factors are crucial for ensuring the success and longevity of educational programs such as PGME-PH.

Dataset Information

Invaginating Structures in Synapses - Perspective.

Publications

Invaginating Structures in Synapses - Perspective.

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