α-Helices in the Type III Secretion Effectors: A Prevalent Feature with Versatile Roles.

ABSTRACT: Type III Secretion Systems (T3SSs) are multicomponent nanomachines located at the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. Their main function is to transport bacterial proteins either extracellularly or directly into the eukaryotic host cell cytoplasm. Type III Secretion effectors (T3SEs), latest to be secreted T3S substrates, are destined to act at the eukaryotic host cell cytoplasm and occasionally at the nucleus, hijacking cellular processes through mimicking eukaryotic proteins. A broad range of functions is attributed to T3SEs, ranging from the manipulation of the host cell's metabolism for the benefit of the bacterium to bypassing the host's defense mechanisms. To perform this broad range of manipulations, T3SEs have evolved numerous novel folds that are compatible with some basic r

SUBMITTER: Gazi AD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8196651 | biostudies-literature | 2021 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature