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PGC-1α mediates a metabolic host defense response in human airway epithelium during rhinovirus infections.

ABSTRACT: Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are common cold viruses associated with exacerbations of lower airways diseases. Although viral induced epithelial damage mediates inflammation, the molecular mechanisms responsible for airway epithelial damage and dysfunction remain undefined. Using experimental HRV infection studies in highly differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI), we examine the links between viral host defense, cellular metabolism, and epithelial barrier function. We observe that early HRV-C15 infection induces a transitory barrier-protective metabolic state characterized by glycolysis that ultimately becomes exhausted as the infection progresses and leads to cellular damage. Pharmacological promotion of glycolysis induces ROS-dependent upregulation of the mitochondrial metabolic regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), thereby restoring epithelial barrier function, improving viral defense, and attenuating disease pathology. Therefore, PGC-1α regulates a metabolic pathway essential to host defense that can be therapeutically targeted to rescue airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and potentially prevent severe respiratory complications or secondary bacterial infections.

SUBMITTER: Michi AN

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8209127 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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PGC-1α mediates a metabolic host defense response in human airway epithelium during rhinovirus infections.

Michi Aubrey N AN Yipp Bryan G BG Dufour Antoine A Lopes Fernando F Proud David D

Nature communications 20210616 1

Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are common cold viruses associated with exacerbations of lower airways diseases. Although viral induced epithelial damage mediates inflammation, the molecular mechanisms responsible for airway epithelial damage and dysfunction remain undefined. Using experimental HRV infection studies in highly differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells grown at air-liquid interface (ALI), we examine the links between viral host defense, cellular metabolism, and epithelial barrier f ...[more]

PMID: 34135327

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Project description:Glioblastoma, the most frequent primary malignant brain tumour in adults, is characterised by profound yet dynamic hypoxia and nutrient depletion. To sustain survival and proliferation, tumour cells are compelled to acquire metabolic plasticity with the induction of adaptive metabolic programs. Here, we interrogated the pathways necessary to enable processing of nutrients other than glucose. We employed genetic approaches (stable/inducible overexpression, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout), pharmacological interventions with a novel inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in glioblastoma cell culture systems and a proteomic approach to investigate mechanisms of metabolic plasticity. Moreover, a spatially resolved multiomic analysis was employed to correlate the gene expression pattern of PGC-1α with the local metabolic and genetic architecture in human glioblastoma tissue sections. A switch from glucose to alternative nutrients triggered an activation of AMPK, which in turn activated PGC-1α-dependent adaptive programs promoting mitochondrial metabolism. This sensor-effector mechanism was essential for metabolic plasticity with both functional AMPK and PGC-1α necessary for survival and growth of cells under nonglucose nutrient sources. In human glioblastoma tissue specimens, PGC-1α-expression correlated with nonhypoxic tumour niches defining a specific metabolic compartment. Our findings reveal a cell-intrinsic nutrient sensing and switching mechanism. The exposure to alternative fuels triggers a starvation signal that subsequently is passed on via AMPK and PGC-1α to induce adaptive programs necessary for broader spectrum nutrient metabolism. The integration of spatially resolved transcriptomic data confirms the relevance of PGC-1α especially in nonhypoxic tumour regions. Thus, the AMPK-PGC-1α axis is a candidate for therapeutic inhibition in glioblastoma. KEY POINTS/HIGHLIGHTS: AMPK activation induces PGC-1α expression in glioblastoma during nutrient scarcity. PGC-1α enables metabolic plasticity by facilitating metabolism of alternative nutrients in glioblastoma. PGC-1α expression is inversely correlated with hypoxic tumour regions in human glioblastomas.

Project description:Glioblastoma, the most frequent primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is characterized by profound yet dynamic hypoxia and nutrient depletion. To sustain survival and proliferation, tumor cells are compelled to acquire metabolic plasticity with the induction of adaptive metabolic programs. We have previously shown that the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC)-1α is a key regulator of cellular respiration, proliferation and invasion in glioblastoma. Here, we interrogated the pathways necessary to enable processing of nutrients other than glucose. We employed genetic approaches (PGC-1α stable/inducible overexpression, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout), pharmacological interventions with a novel inhibitor of adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) in glioblastoma cell culture systems and a proteomic approach to investigate mechanisms of metabolic plasticity towards non-glucose nutrients including galactose, fatty acids and ketone bodies. Moreover, spatially resolved multi-omic analysis integrating transcriptomics and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) was used to correlate the gene expression pattern of PGC-1α with local metabolic and genetic architecture in human glioblastoma tissue sections. A nutrient switch from glucose to galactose, ketone bodies or fatty acids triggered an initial activation of AMPK, which in turn activated PGC-1α-dependent adaptive programs towards mitochondrial metabolism. This sensor-effector mechanism was essential for metabolic plasticity with both functional AMPK and PGC-1α necessary for survival and growth of cells under non-glucose nutrient sources. In human glioblastoma tissue specimens, PGC-1α-expression correlated with non-hypoxic tumor niches defining a specific metabolic compartment. Our findings reveal a cell-intrinsic nutrient sensing and switching mechanism. The exposure to alternative fuels triggers a starvation signal that subsequently is passed on via AMPK and PGC-1α to induce adaptive programs which result in upregulation of the enzymatic machinery necessary for broader spectrum nutrient metabolism. The integration of spatially resolved transcriptomic data from human glioblastoma samples confirms the relevance of PGC-1α especially in non-hypoxic tumor regions. Thus, the AMPK-PGC-1α axis is a candidate for therapeutic inhibition in glioblastoma.

Project description:BackgroundThe airway epithelial barrier function is disrupted in the airways of asthmatic patients. Abnormal mitochondrial biogenesis is reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in the airway barrier dysfunction has not been elucidated yet. This study aimed to clarify whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), a central regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, is involved in the disruption of the airway barrier function induced by aeroallergens.MethodsBEAS-2B cells were exposed to house dust mite (HDM) and the expressions of PGC-1α and E-cadherin, a junctional protein, were examined by immunoblotting. The effect of SRT1720, a PGC-1α activator, was investigated by immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, and measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) on the HDM-induced reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis markers and junctional proteins in airway bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore,the effects of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) inhibitor, GB83, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor, lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter sphaeroides (LPS-RS), protease inhibitors including E64 and 4-(2-Aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride (AEBSF) on the HDM-induced barrier dysfunction were investigated.ResultsThe amounts of PGC-1α and E-cadherin in the HDM-treated cells were significantly decreased compared to the vehicle-treated cells. SRT1720 restored the expressions of PGC-1α and E-cadherin reduced by HDM in BEAS-2B cells. Treatment with SRT1720 also significantly ameliorated the HDM-induced reduction in TEER. In addition, GB83, LPS-RS, E64 and AEBSF prevented the HDM-induced reduction in the expression of PGC1α and E-cadherin.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated that HDM disrupted the airway barrier function through the PAR2/TLR4/PGC-1α-dependent pathway. The modulation of this pathway could be a new approach for the treatment of asthma.

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PGC-1α mediates a metabolic host defense response in human airway epithelium during rhinovirus infections.

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PGC-1α mediates a metabolic host defense response in human airway epithelium during rhinovirus infections.

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