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Tolerance mechanisms in maize identified through phenotyping and transcriptome analysis in response to water deficit stress.

ABSTRACT: Water deficit is a key limiting factor for maize (Zea mays L.) productivity. Elucidating the molecular regulatory networks of stress tolerance is crucial for genetic enhancement of drought tolerance. Two genotypes of maize contrasting in their yield response to water deficit were evaluated for tolerance traits of water relations, net CO₂ assimilation rate, antioxidative metabolism and grain yield in relation to the expression levels, based on transcription profiling of genes involved in stress signaling, protein processing and energy metabolism to identify functional tolerance mechanisms. In the genotype SNJ201126 upregulation of calcium mediated signaling, plasma membrane and tonoplast intrinsic proteins and the membrane associated transporters contributed to better maintenance of water relations as evident from the higher relative water content and stomatal conductance at seedling and anthesis stages coupled with robust photosynthetic capacity and antioxidative metabolism. Further the protein folding machinery consisting of calnexin/calreticulin (CNX/CRT) cycle was significantly upregulated only in SNJ201126. While the down regulation of genes involved in photosystems and the enzymes of carbon fixation led to the relative susceptibility of genotype HKI161 in terms of reduced net CO₂ assimilation rate, biomass and grain yield. Our results provide new insight into intrinsic functional mechanisms related to tolerance in maize.

Supplementary information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01003-4.

SUBMITTER: Maheswari M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8212253 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Tolerance mechanisms in maize identified through phenotyping and transcriptome analysis in response to water deficit stress.

Maheswari Mandapaka M Varalaxmi Yellisetty Y Sarkar Basudeb B Ravikumar Nakka N Vanaja Maddi M Yadav Sushil Kumar SK Jyothilakshmi Narayana N Vijayalakshmi Tekula T Savita S K SK Rao Mathukumalli Srinivasa MS Shanker Arun Kumar AK Mohapatra Trilochan T

Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology 20210606 6

Water deficit is a key limiting factor for maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) productivity. Elucidating the molecular regulatory networks of stress tolerance is crucial for genetic enhancement of drought tolerance. Two genotypes of maize contrasting in their yield response to water deficit were evaluated for tolerance traits of water relations, net CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation rate, antioxidative metabolism and grain yield in relation to the expression levels, based on transcription profiling of genes in ...[more]

PMID: 34177152

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Project description:BackgroundSince drought can seriously affect plant growth and development and little is known about how the oscillations of gene expression during the drought stress-acclimation response in soybean is affected, we applied Illumina technology to sequence 36 cDNA libraries synthesized from control and drought-stressed soybean plants to verify the dynamic changes in gene expression during a 24-h time course. Cycling variables were measured from the expression data to determine the putative circadian rhythm regulation of gene expression.ResultsWe identified 4866 genes differentially expressed in soybean plants in response to water deficit. Of these genes, 3715 were differentially expressed during the light period, from which approximately 9.55% were observed in both light and darkness. We found 887 genes that were either up- or down-regulated in different periods of the day. Of 54,175 predicted soybean genes, 35.52% exhibited expression oscillations in a 24 h period. This number increased to 39.23% when plants were submitted to water deficit. Major differences in gene expression were observed in the control plants from late day (ZT16) until predawn (ZT20) periods, indicating that gene expression oscillates during the course of 24 h in normal development. Under water deficit, dissimilarity increased in all time-periods, indicating that the applied stress influenced gene expression. Such differences in plants under stress were primarily observed in ZT0 (early morning) to ZT8 (late day) and also from ZT4 to ZT12. Stress-related pathways were triggered in response to water deficit primarily during midday, when more genes were up-regulated compared to early morning. Additionally, genes known to be involved in secondary metabolism and hormone signaling were also expressed in the dark period.ConclusionsGene expression networks can be dynamically shaped to acclimate plant metabolism under environmental stressful conditions. We have identified putative cycling genes that are expressed in soybean leaves under normal developmental conditions and genes whose expression oscillates under conditions of water deficit. These results suggest that time of day, as well as light and temperature oscillations that occur considerably affect the regulation of water deficit stress response in soybean plants.

Dataset Information

Tolerance mechanisms in maize identified through phenotyping and transcriptome analysis in response to water deficit stress.

Supplementary information

Publications

Tolerance mechanisms in maize identified through phenotyping and transcriptome analysis in response to water deficit stress.

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