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Increased Wheat Protein Content via Introgression of an HMW Glutenin Selectively Reshapes the Grain Proteome.

ABSTRACT: Introgression of a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) allele, 1Ay21∗, into commercial wheat cultivars increased overall grain protein content and bread-making quality, but the role of proteins beyond this HMW-GS itself was unknown. In addition to increased abundance of 1Ay HMW-GS, 115 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were discovered between three cultivars and corresponding introgressed near-isogenic lines. Functional category analysis showed that the DAPs were predominantly other storage proteins and proteins involved in protein synthesis, protein folding, protein degradation, stress response, and grain development. Nearly half the genes encoding the DAPs showed strong coexpression patterns during grain development. Promoters of these genes are enriched in elements associated with transcription initiation and light response, indicating a potential connection between these cis-elements and grain protein accumulation. A model of how this HMW-GS enhances the abundance of machinery for protein synthesis and maturation during grain filling is proposed. This analysis not only provides insights into how introgression of the 1Ay21∗ improves grain protein content but also directs selection of protein candidates for future wheat quality breeding programs.

SUBMITTER: Cao H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8214148 | biostudies-literature | 2021 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Increased Wheat Protein Content via Introgression of an HMW Glutenin Selectively Reshapes the Grain Proteome.

Cao Hui H Duncan Owen O Islam Shahidul S Zhang Jingjuan J Ma Wujun W Millar A Harvey AH

Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP 20210514

Introgression of a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) allele, 1Ay21∗, into commercial wheat cultivars increased overall grain protein content and bread-making quality, but the role of proteins beyond this HMW-GS itself was unknown. In addition to increased abundance of 1Ay HMW-GS, 115 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were discovered between three cultivars and corresponding introgressed near-isogenic lines. Functional category analysis showed that the DAPs were predominant ...[more]

PMID: 34000434

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Project description:BackgroundHigh molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs), encoded by the genes at Glu-1 loci in wheat and its related species, are significant in the determination of grain processing quality. However, the diversity and variations of HMW-GSs are relatively low in bread wheat. More interests are now focused on wheat wild relatives in Triticeae. The genus Aegilops represents an important germplasm for novel HWM-GSs and other useful genes for wheat genetic improvement.ResultsSix novel Glu-1 alleles and HMW-GSs were identified and characterized from three species of Aegilops section Sitopsis (S genome). Both open reading frames (ORFs) and promoter regions of these Glu-1 alleles were sequenced and characterized. The ORFs of Sitopsis Glu-1 genes are approximately 2.9 kb and 2.3 kb for x-type and y-type subunits, respectively. Although the primary structures of Sitopsis HMW-GSs are similar to those of previously reported ones, all six x-type or y-type subunits have the large fragment insertions. Our comparative analyses of the deduced amino acid sequences verified that Aegilops section Sitopsis species encode novel HMW-GSs with their molecular weights larger than almost all other known HMW-GSs. The Glu-1 promoter sequences share the high homology among S genome. Our phylogenetic analyses by both network and NJ tree indicated that there is a close phylogenetic evolutionary relationship of x-type and y-type subunit between S and D genome.ConclusionsThe large molecular weight of HMW-GSs from S genome is a unique feature identified in this study. Such large subunits are resulted from the duplications of repetitive domains in Sitopsis HMW-GSs. The unequal crossover events are the most likely mechanism of variations in glutenin subunits. The S genome-encoded subunits, 1Dx2.2 and 1Dx2.2* have independent origins, although they share similar evolutionary mechanism. As HMW-GSs play a key role in wheat baking quality, these large Sitopsis glutenin subunits can be used as special genetic resources for wheat quality improvement.

Project description:The processing quality of wheat is affected by seed storage substances, such as protein and starch. High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) are the major components of wheat seed storage proteins (SSPs); they are also key determinators of wheat end-use quality. However, the effects of HMW-GSs absence on the expression of other storage substances and the regulation mechanism of HMW-GSs are still limited. Previously, a wheat transgenic line LH-11 with complete deletions of HMW-GSs was obtained through introducing an exogenous gene Glu-1Ebx to the wild-type cultivar Bobwhite by transgenic approach. In this study, comparative seed transcriptomics and proteomics of transgenic and non-transgenic lines at different seed developmental stages were carried out to explore the changes in genes and proteins and the underlying regulatory mechanism. Results revealed that a number of genes, including genes related to SSPs, carbohydrates metabolism, amino acids metabolism, transcription, translation, and protein process were differentially enriched. Seed storage proteins displayed differential expression patterns between the transgenic and non-transgenic line, a major rise in the expression levels of gliadins were observed at 21 and 28 days post anthesis (DPA) in the transgenic line. Changes in expressions of low-molecular-weight glutenins (LMW-GSs), avenin-like proteins (ALPs), lipid transfer proteins (LTPs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) were also observed. In addition, genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were differentially expressed, which probably leads to a difference in starch component and deposition. A list of gene categories participating in the accumulation of SSPs was proposed according to the transcriptome and proteome data. Six genes from the MYB and eight genes from the NAC transcription families are likely important regulators of HMW-GSs accumulation. This study will provide data support for understanding the regulatory network of wheat storage substances. The screened candidate genes can lay a foundation for further research on the regulation mechanism of HMW-GSs.

Dataset Information

Increased Wheat Protein Content via Introgression of an HMW Glutenin Selectively Reshapes the Grain Proteome.

Publications

Increased Wheat Protein Content via Introgression of an HMW Glutenin Selectively Reshapes the Grain Proteome.

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