Second-line treatment in renal cell carcinoma: clinical experience and decision making.

ABSTRACT: Currently, conventional treatments for metastatic RCC (mRCC) include immune-based combination regimens and/or targeted therapies, the latter mainly acting on angiogenesis, a key element of the process of tumor growth and spread. Although these agents proved able to improve patients' outcomes, drug resistance and disease progression are still experienced by a substantial number of VEGFR-TKIs-treated mRCC patients. Following the inhibition of the VEGF/VEGFRs axis, two strategies have emerged: either specifically targeting resistance pathways, at the same time continuing to inhibit angiogenesis, or using a completely different approach aimed at re-activating the immune system through the use of inhibitors of specific negative immune checkpoints. These two approaches, practically represented b

SUBMITTER: Guadalupi V 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8216352 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan-Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature