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Assessing the sensory and physicochemical impact of reverse osmosis membrane technology to dealcoholize two different beer styles.

ABSTRACT: A pilot scale dealcoholisation unit fitted with reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was used to directly compare two beer matrices (stout, lager, ~ 5% ABV) and their dealcoholized counterparts (~0.5% ABV), for physicochemical properties (volatiles, pH, ABV, polyphenols, bitterness) and sensory profiles using a trained descriptive panel (n = 12). The efficiency and consistency of RO membranes were evaluated by replicate dealcoholisation trials (n = 3) for each beer. Statistical analysis revealed significant reductions (p < 0.05) in key volatile compounds with linear structures (ethyl octanoate, octan-1-ol) compared to those with increased levels of branching (3-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylpropan-1-ol). Significant reductions (p < 0.0001) in 'fruity/estery', 'alcoholic/solvent', 'malty', 'sweetness' and 'body' sensory attributes were also discovered. Finally, longer processing times for the stout across replicate trials suggested membrane clogging, whilst differences in volatile reduction suggested membrane fouling. This novel research proposes compound structure, rather than compound size, impacts RO membrane permeability and resulting sensory quality.

SUBMITTER: Ramsey I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8220173 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Assessing the sensory and physicochemical impact of reverse osmosis membrane technology to dealcoholize two different beer styles.

Ramsey Imogen I Yang Qian Q Fisk Ian I Ayed Charfedinne C Ford Rebecca R

Food chemistry: X 20210430

A pilot scale dealcoholisation unit fitted with reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was used to directly compare two beer matrices (stout, lager, ~ 5% ABV) and their dealcoholized counterparts (~0.5% ABV), for physicochemical properties (volatiles, pH, ABV, polyphenols, bitterness) and sensory profiles using a trained descriptive panel (n = 12). The efficiency and consistency of RO membranes were evaluated by replicate dealcoholisation trials (n = 3) for each beer. Statistical analysis revealed signi ...[more]

PMID: 34189455

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Project description:This work describes the chemical composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by three bacteria (RO1, RO2, and RO3) isolated from a biofouled reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. We isolated pure cultures of three bacterial strains from a 7-year-old biofouled RO module that was used in a full-scale seawater treatment plant. All the bacterial strains showed similar growth rates, biofilm formation, and produced similar quantities of proteins and polysaccharides. The gel permeation chromatography showed that the EPS produced by all the strains has a high molecular weight; however, the EPS produced by strains RO1 and RO3 showed the highest molecular weight. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), and Carbon NMR (13C NMR) were used for a detailed characterization of the EPS. These physicochemical analyses allowed us to identify features of EPS that are important for biofilm formation. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of α-1,4 glycosidic linkages (920 cm-1) and amide II (1,550 cm-1) in the EPS, the presence of which has been correlated with the fouling potential of bacteria. The presence of α-glycoside linkages was further confirmed by 13C NMR analysis. The 13C NMR analysis also showed that the EPS produced by these bacteria is chemically similar to foulants obtained from biofouled RO membranes in previous studies. Therefore, our results support the hypothesis that the majority of substances that cause fouling on RO membranes originate from bacteria. Investigation using 1H NMR showed that the EPS contained a high abundance of hydrophobic compounds, and these compounds can lead to flux decline in the membrane processes. Genome sequencing of the isolates showed that they represent novel species of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus. Examination of genomes showed that these bacteria carry carbohydrates-active enzymes that play a role in the production of polysaccharides. Further genomic studies allowed us to identify proteins involved in the biosynthesis of EPS and flagella involved in biofilm formation. These analyses provide a glimpse into the physicochemical properties of EPS found on the RO membrane. This knowledge can be useful in the rational design of biofilm control treatments for the RO membrane.

Dataset Information

Assessing the sensory and physicochemical impact of reverse osmosis membrane technology to dealcoholize two different beer styles.

Publications

Assessing the sensory and physicochemical impact of reverse osmosis membrane technology to dealcoholize two different beer styles.

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