Sources and Risk Factors for Nitrate and Microbial Contamination of Private Household Wells in the Fractured Dolomite Aquifer of Northeastern Wisconsin.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Groundwater quality in the Silurian dolomite aquifer in northeastern Wisconsin, USA, has become contentious as dairy farms and exurban development expand.

Objectives

We investigated private household wells in the region, determining the extent, sources, and risk factors of nitrate and microbial contamination.

Methods

Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and nitrate were evaluated by synoptic sampling during groundwater recharge and no-recharge periods. Additional seasonal sampling measured genetic markers of human and bovine fecal-associated microbes and enteric zoonotic pathogens. We constructed multivariable regression models of detection probability (log-binomial) and concentration (gamma) for each contaminant to identify risk factors related to lan

SUBMITTER: Borchardt MA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8221036 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature