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Excavation of Genes Related to the Mining of Growth, Development, and Meat Quality of Two Crossbred Sheep Populations Based on Comparative Transcriptomes.

ABSTRACT: Crossbreeding can improve production performance and meat quality in sheep. The objective of this study was to look for genes related to sheep growth, development, and muscle. In this study, Dorper (DP) × Small Tailed Han (STH) sheep and Mongolia (MG) × Small-tailed Han (STH) sheep were used to estimate the productive performance and meat quality in a crossbreed. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis and bioinformatic analysis were performed on the Longissimus dorsi muscles of DP × STH and MG × STH sheep to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to growth, development, and meat quality. The presence of DEGs was confirmed by real-time PCR (qPCR). Productive performance and meat quality of the DP × STH sheep were better than the MG × STH sheep. Compared to DP × STH, a total of 1445 DEGs were identified in MG × STH sheep (1026 DEG were up-regulated and 419 DEG were down-regulated). Of these, 38 DEGs were related to growth, 161 to development, and 43 to muscle. In addition, 13 co-expressed genes (FGFRL1, SIX1, PLCB1, CRYAB, MYL2, ADIPOQ, GPX1, PPARD, GPC1, CDC42, LOC101106246, IGF1, and LARGE) were identified. The expression of DEGs was consistent with the comparative transcriptome analysis. This work provides genetics resources for future research on muscle development in sheep.

SUBMITTER: Shi J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8224371 | biostudies-literature | 2021 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Excavation of Genes Related to the Mining of Growth, Development, and Meat Quality of Two Crossbred Sheep Populations Based on Comparative Transcriptomes.

Shi Jinping J Wang Xueying X Song Yali Y Liu Ting T Cheng Shuru S Zhang Quanwei Q

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20210521 6

Crossbreeding can improve production performance and meat quality in sheep. The objective of this study was to look for genes related to sheep growth, development, and muscle. In this study, Dorper (DP) × Small Tailed Han (STH) sheep and Mongolia (MG) × Small-tailed Han (STH) sheep were used to estimate the productive performance and meat quality in a crossbreed. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis and bioinformatic analysis were performed on the <i>Longissimus dorsi</i> muscles of DP × STH and ...[more]

PMID: 34064178

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Project description:IntroductionIn Northeast China, Dorper and Australian White rams are commonly crossbred with small-tailed Han (STH) ewes to improve the offspring's meat yield and quality. However, the differences in traits and the flavor between the crossbred sheep and STH sheep remain unclear. In addition, the candidate genes potentially influencing the meat quality in the three sheep breeds require further verification.MethodsA total of 18 2-month-old healthy rams were raised over a period of 5 months, which included 6 STH, 6 Dorper and small-tailed Han crossbred (Do × STH), and 6 Australian white and small-tailed Han crossbred (Au × STH) offspring. The differences in slaughter, meat quality traits, fatty acid and amino acid composition in the muscular longissimus dorsi (MLD), and volatile compounds in the semitendinosus muscle were compared between the sheep breeds. The candidate genes related to intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acids were validated.ResultsThe results of this study revealed that the crossbred sheep had higher body weight, carcass weight, bone weight, net meat weight, and IMF content than the STH sheep (p < 0.05). The Do × STH offspring had a higher pH value (24 h), moisture content, and cooking percentage; they also had redder and brighter meat color. The content of myristate, palmitic, and margaric acids in the crossbred sheep was higher than that in the STH sheep (p < 0.05). The Do × STH offspring had the highest saturated fatty acid content (p < 0.05). The Au × STH offspring had the highest protein content (p < 0.05). The arachidonic acid and amino acid (Asp, Ala, Ile, Leu, Lys, Thr, and essential amino acid) contents were higher in the STH sheep than in the crossbred sheep (p < 0.05). The odor activity value (OAV) analysis showed that most of the aldehydes in the Au × STH offspring had higher values. The PDK4 gene expression was positively associated with the IMF content and was negatively correlated with the linoleic acid content in the Do × STH sheep (p < 0.05). The TMEM273 gene expression was positively associated with linoleic and arachidonic acid contents and was negatively correlated with oleic and palmitic acid contents in the Do × STH sheep (p < 0.05).DiscussionThe results showed the differences between the crossbred sheep and STH sheep and provided the candidate genes related to meat quality in sheep.

Project description:This study aimed to identify genes related to sheep growth, development and meat quality. Small-tailed Han sheep (STH), and small-tailed Han sheep and Suffolk crossbred F1 (STH×SFK), were selected to determine the growth performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality. The longissimus dorsi muscle was selected for transcriptome sequencing, and the target gene was screened based on bioinformatics analysis; real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting (WB) were conducted to verify the target gene. Locations of genes in tissues were confirmed via immunofluorescence. The results showed that the pre-slaughter live weight, bust circumference, slaughter performance, and marbling score of the STH×SFK population were significantly higher than those of the STH population (P < 0.01). Sequencing results showed that 560 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the STH×SFK population, of which 377 exhibited up-regulated and 183 exhibited down-regulated expression levels. GO annotation revealed that DEGs could be classified into 13 cell components, 10 molecular functions, and 22 biological processes. The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in the Rap1 signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, and other pathways related to growth and meat quality. Based on the GO and KEGG analyses, four candidate genes related to sheep growth and meat quality, namely myostain (MSTN), interferon-related developmental regulator 1 (IFRD1), peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta (PPARD), and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2 or MYL2), were screened. The expression levels of genes and proteins were verified via RT-PCR and WB, and the results were consistent with the trend of transcriptome sequencing. Immunofluorescence results showed that IFRD1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and MYL2 was expressed in the cytoplasm. This study revealed the mechanism of gene regulation of sheep growth and development at the molecular level and provided a theoretical basis for studying sheep genetics and breeding.

Project description:Simple Summary This study investigated a comparative analysis on changes in protein and lipid fractions and quality attributes of camel meat, cattle meat (beef) and sheep meat (mutton). The samples were studied over 9 days of refrigerated storage. Camel meat underwent higher lipid oxidation compared with beef and sheep meat. All meat types showed a decrease in the haem pigments and redness (a* values) indicating the oxidation of the haem pigment. Drip loss was high in camel meat and mutton compared with the beef samples. Camel meat was tougher, with higher hardness values, followed by beef and mutton samples, which decreased over 3 and 9 days of storage, indicating the degradation of structural proteins. In conclusion, the study provided valuable information on the properties of different red meats during storage and variations in their protein and lipid fractions and other quality attributes during storage. Abstract An in-depth characterisation of protein and lipid fractions and changes in the physicochemical and meat-quality attributes of camel meat, beef and mutton over 9 days of refrigerated storage was investigated. The lipids of all the meat samples, especially those in camel meat, underwent significant oxidation in the first 3 days of storage. A decrease in pigment and redness (a* value) with an increase in the storage time was noticed in all the meat samples, suggesting the oxidation of the haem protein. The mutton samples displayed greater protein extractability, while the protein solubility values in all the meat samples were similar, and these varied as storage progressed. The drip loss percentage in camel meat and mutton were two times higher than in beef, and it increased during storage period. The textural properties of fresh camel meat were higher than mutton and beef, and these decreased during day 3 and 9, respectively, indicating the proteolysis and the degradation of the structural proteins, which were also evident from the SDS-PAGE pattern.

Project description:This study was conducted to examine the effect of a mulberry leaf total mixed ration (TMR) diet on growth performance, apparent digestibility, meat quality and the expression of related meat-quality genes (ADSL, H-FABP) in crossbred black goats. Forty-four Guizhou crossbred black goats (Nubian black goat ♂ × Guizhou black goat ♀), weighing 33.43 ± 0.55 kg, were chosen. The goats were randomly divided into four groups, with 11 test replicates in each group. Group I was the control group and fed with the traditional feeding method of roughage and concentrate supplement without adding mulberry leaf. Group II was fed with a 40% mulberry leaf pellet TMR diet. Group III was fed with a freshly processed 40% mulberry leaf TMR diet. Group IV was fed with a 40% mulberry leaf fermented total mixed rations (FTMR) diet. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of group II was significantly higher than that of group I and III (p < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of group II of ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.05), and the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.01). Compared with group I, meat in group II had lower meat color lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values (p < 0.01) in the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum. The shear force of group II was significantly lower than that of group I (p < 0.05). The total fatty acids (TFA) of group II was significantly higher than that of groups I and III (p < 0.05), but the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) of group II was significantly lower that than of group I (p < 0.01). Subsequently, the Unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of group II were significantly higher than those in group I (p < 0.01). The contents of total amino acids (TAA), total essential amino acids (EAA), total non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and total of major fresh-tasting amino acids (DAA) of groups II, III and IV were significantly higher than those of group I (p < 0.05), as well as the contents of IMP (p < 0.01). The expression of the H-FABP gene in the arm triceps of group II was significantly higher than that of groups I, III and IV (p < 0.05). The expression of the ADSL gene in the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum and biceps femoris of group II was significantly higher than that of group I (p < 0.05). Collectively, the results of the current study indicated that the mulberry leaf TMR diet improved the growth performance, apparent digestibility and expression of related meat-quality master genes (ADSL, H-FABP) in crossbred black goats, which promoted the deposition of intramuscular fat (IMF) and inosinic acid (IMP) and improved the composition of fatty acids and amino acids in the muscles.

Project description:In order to promote the rapid development of the meat sheep industry, a three-way crossbred combination experiment was carried out with Australian White, Dorper, and Charollais sheep as terminal male parents and the elite F1 hybrids of Australian White  ×  Small-tailed Han (Han), Dorper  ×  Han, and Charollais  ×  Han as female parents, which was based on the screening of a two-way crossbred combination in meat sheep. The growth performance of six groups of three-way crossbred combinations and Han lambs was measured and analyzed, and the effect of a polymorphism in the CLPG gene on the growth performance of three-way crossbred lambs was also studied. The results showed that under the same rearing conditions, weight at 3 and 6 months of age and average daily gain from birth to 3 months and from 3 to 6 months of age were all the largest for Australian  ×  (Charollais  ×  Han) crossbred lambs. They were significantly or extremely significant different from the other three-way crossbred combinations and Han lambs ( P<0.05 , P<0.01 ). The body height, body length, chest girth, and cannon bone circumference at 3 months of age and body length, chest girth, and cannon bone circumference at 6 months of age were also the largest for Australian  ×  (Charollais  ×  Han) crossbred lambs. Among them, body length, chest girth, and cannon bone circumference at 3 months of age were significantly different from the other three-way crossbred combinations and Han lambs ( P<0.05 ), and body length, chest girth, and cannon bone circumference at 6 months of age were significantly or extremely significant different from the other three-way crossbred combinations and Han lambs ( P<0.05 , P<0.01 ). The potential genetic effects of the CLPG gene on the growth performance indicators of three-way crossbred lambs showed that a mutation site ( g .232 C   >   T ) of this gene had two genotypes: CC and CT. Among them, the data of body weights and body sizes from CT genotype individuals at birth, 3 months old, and 6 months old were significantly higher than those of CC genotype individuals, and some indicators showed significant or extremely significant differences ( P<0.05 , P<0.01 ), suggesting that higher growth performance was observed in individuals with T alleles. To sum up, the crossbred combination of Australian  ×  (Charollais  ×  Han) could be suggested as the optimal choice. The T allele of the CLPG gene showed potential advantages in the performance of meat production in meat sheep. Based on the current results, we recommend that the offspring of Australian  ×  (Charollais  ×  Han) with the T allele should be preferentially utilized for meat sheep production.

Project description:BackgroundCurrently, meat cut traits are integrated in pig breeding objectives to gain extra profit. However, little is known about the heritability of meat cut proportions (MCP) and their correlations with other traits. The aims of this study were to assess the heritability and genetic correlation of MCP with carcass and meat quality traits using single nucleotide polymorphism chips and conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes for MCP.ResultsSeventeen MCP, 12 carcass, and seven meat quality traits were measured in 2012 pigs from four populations (Landrace; Yorkshire; Landrace and Yorkshire hybrid pigs; Duroc, and Landrace and Yorkshire hybrid pigs). Estimates of the heritability for MCP ranged from 0.10 to 0.55, with most estimates being moderate to high and highly consistent across populations. In the combined population, the heritability estimates for the proportions of scapula bone, loin, back fat, leg bones, and boneless picnic shoulder were 0.44 ± 0.04, 0.36 ± 0.04, 0.44 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.04, and 0.39 ± 0.04, respectively. Proportion of middle cuts was genetically significantly positively correlated with intramuscular fat content and backfat depth. Proportion of ribs was genetically positively correlated with carcass oblique length and straight length (0.35 ± 0.08 to 0.45 ± 0.07) and negatively correlated with backfat depth (- 0.26 ± 0.10 to - 0.45 ± 0.10). However, weak or nonsignificant genetic correlations were observed between most MCP, indicating their independence. Twenty-eight quantitative trait loci (QTL) for MCP were detected by GWAS, and 24 new candidate genes related to MCP were identified, which are involved with growth, height, and skeletal development. Most importantly, we found that the development of the bones in different parts of the body may be regulated by different genes, among which HMGA1 may be the strongest candidate gene affecting forelimb bone development. Moreover, as previously shown, VRTN is a causal gene affecting vertebra number, and BMP2 may be the strongest candidate gene affecting hindlimb bone development.ConclusionsOur results indicate that breeding programs for MCP have the potential to enhance carcass composition by increasing the proportion of expensive cuts and decreasing the proportion of inexpensive cuts. Since MCP are post-slaughter traits, the QTL and candidate genes related to these traits can be used for marker-assisted and genomic selection.

Dataset Information

Excavation of Genes Related to the Mining of Growth, Development, and Meat Quality of Two Crossbred Sheep Populations Based on Comparative Transcriptomes.

Publications

Excavation of Genes Related to the Mining of Growth, Development, and Meat Quality of Two Crossbred Sheep Populations Based on Comparative Transcriptomes.

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