Towards Machine Recognition of Facial Expressions of Pain in Horses.

ABSTRACT: Automated recognition of human facial expressions of pain and emotions is to a certain degree a solved problem, using approaches based on computer vision and machine learning. However, the application of such methods to horses has proven difficult. Major barriers are the lack of sufficiently large, annotated databases for horses and difficulties in obtaining correct classifications of pain because horses are non-verbal. This review describes our work to overcome these barriers, using two different approaches. One involves the use of a manual, but relatively objective, classification system for facial activity (Facial Action Coding System), where data are analyzed for pain expressions after coding using machine learning principles. We have devised tools that can aid manual labeling by ident

SUBMITTER: Andersen PH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8229776 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature