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Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection in a University Student Population.

ABSTRACT: We assess protection from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in 16,101 university students. Among 2,021 students previously infected in Fall 2020, risk of re-infection during the Spring 2021 semester was 2.2%; estimated protection from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was 84% (95% CI: 78%-88%).

SUBMITTER: Rennert L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8241413 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection in a University Student Population.

Rennert Lior L McMahan Christopher C

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 20220301 4

We assess protection from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in 16,101 university students. Among 2,021 students previously infected in Fall 2020, risk of re-infection during the Spring 2021 semester was 2.2%; estimated protection from previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was 84% (95% CI: 78%-88%). ...[more]

PMID: 33993225

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Sequence Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Persistence and Reinfection.

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| S-EPMC8135388 | biostudies-literature

Reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.7 variant in an immunocompromised adolescent.

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| S-EPMC8144827 | biostudies-literature

Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection Without Mutations in the Spike Protein.

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| S-EPMC7929054 | biostudies-literature

Mild reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant: First case report from Indonesia.

Project description:BackgroundReinfection with SARS-CoV-2 has been well documented, yet little is known about the degree of protection a previous infection provides against reinfection, especially against Variants of Concern (VOC).Case presentationHere we describe a case of an unvaccinated 49-year-old man who experienced two sequential SARS-CoV-2 infections with two different variants, as evidenced by genomic sequencing. The first episode was caused by the Pango lineage B.1.466.2 and resulted in severe COVID-19 with 5 days in an intensive care unit (ICU). The second episode occurred approximately 6 months later, during the Delta surge in Indonesia. Genomic analysis showed that the second infection was caused by the Delta variant (Pango lineage B.1.617.2) and resulted in mild disease that did not require hospitalization. No SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was detected between the two episodes, but both binding and neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected prior to the reinfection, with the second infection leading to an increase in the levels of antibody.ConclusionWe confirmed that the patient experienced a reinfection instead of persistent viral shedding from the first infection based on epidemiological, clinical, serological, and genomic analyses. Our case supports the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 reinfection may occur once antibody titers decrease or following the emergence of a new variant. The milder presentation in the patient's second infection deserves further investigation to provide a clear picture of the role of post-infection immunity in altering the course of subsequent disease.

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Culturing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for diagnosis and genome sequencing

Project description:The effectiveness of virus culturing in 24 hours for the sequencing of SARS-CoV-2

2022-06-29 | GSE189731 | GEO

Risk Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection and Presence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among University Student Dormitory Residents, September-November 2020.

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| S-EPMC8436379 | biostudies-literature

Assessment of the Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Reinfection in an Intense Reexposure Setting.

Project description:BackgroundRisk of reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unknown. We assessed the risk and incidence rate of documented SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a cohort of laboratory-confirmed cases in Qatar.MethodsAll SARS-CoV-2 laboratory-confirmed cases with at least 1 polymerase chain reaction-positive swab that was ≥45 days after a first positive swab were individually investigated for evidence of reinfection. Viral genome sequencing of the paired first positive and reinfection viral specimens was conducted to confirm reinfection.ResultsOut of 133 266 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, 243 persons (0.18%) had at least 1 subsequent positive swab ≥45 days after the first positive swab. Of these, 54 cases (22.2%) had strong or good evidence for reinfection. Median time between the first swab and reinfection swab was 64.5 days (range, 45-129). Twenty-three of the 54 cases (42.6%) were diagnosed at a health facility, suggesting presence of symptoms, while 31 (57.4%) were identified incidentally through random testing campaigns/surveys or contact tracing. Only 1 person was hospitalized at the time of reinfection but was discharged the next day. No deaths were recorded. Viral genome sequencing confirmed 4 reinfections of 12 cases with available genetic evidence. Reinfection risk was estimated at 0.02% (95% confidence interval [CI], .01%-.02%), and reinfection incidence rate was 0.36 (95% CI, .28-.47) per 10 000 person-weeks.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 reinfection can occur but is a rare phenomenon suggestive of protective immunity against reinfection that lasts for at least a few months post primary infection.

| S-EPMC7799253 | biostudies-literature

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Cases Corroborated by Sequencing.

Project description:Evaluating cases of reinfection may offer some insight into areas for further investigation regarding durability of immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sixty cases of reinfection with viral sequencing were identified in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and medRxiv before May 1, 2021.Episodes of infection were separated by a median of 116 days. Severity of illness was greater among individuals reinfected within 90 days of initial infection, no asymptomatic initial cases developed severe reinfection, nearly half of cases had suspected escape variants, and nearly all individuals tested following reinfection were found to have detectable levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This analysis is limited by the heterogeneous methods used among reports. Reinfection continues to be relatively rare. As the case rate presumably increases over time, this review will inform measurements to determine the natural history and causal determinants of reinfection in more rigorous observational cohort studies and other standardized surveillance approaches.

| S-EPMC8592142 | biostudies-literature

Risk of Reinfection After Seroconversion to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Population-based Propensity-score Matched Cohort Study.

Project description:BackgroundSerological assays detecting anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies are being widely deployed in studies and clinical practice. However, the duration and effectiveness of the protection conferred by the immune response remains to be assessed in population-based samples. To estimate the incidence of newly acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections in seropositive individuals as compared to seronegative controls, we conducted a retrospective longitudinal matched study.MethodsA seroprevalence survey including a representative sample of the population was conducted in Geneva, Switzerland, between April and June 2020, immediately after the first pandemic wave. Seropositive participants were matched one-to-two to seronegative controls, using a propensity-score including age, gender, immunodeficiency, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and education level. Each individual was linked to a state-registry of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Our primary outcome was confirmed infections occurring from serological status assessment to the end of the second pandemic wave (January 2021).ResultsAmong 8344 serosurvey participants, 498 seropositive individuals were selected and matched with 996 seronegative controls. After a mean follow-up of 35.6 (standard deviation [SD] 3.2) weeks, 7 out of 498 (1.4%) seropositive subjects had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, of whom 5 (1.0%) were classified as reinfections. In contrast, the infection rate was higher in seronegative individuals (15.5%, 154/996) during a similar follow-up period (mean 34.7 [SD 3.2] weeks), corresponding to a 94% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 86%- 98%, P < .001) reduction in the hazard of having a positive SARS-CoV-2 test for seropositives.ConclusionsSeroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 infection confers protection against reinfection lasting at least 8 months. These findings could help global health authorities establishing priority for vaccine allocation.

| S-EPMC8241483 | biostudies-literature

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