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Broad geographic sampling reveals the shared basis and environmental correlates of seasonal adaptation in Drosophila.

ABSTRACT: To advance our understanding of adaptation to temporally varying selection pressures, we identified signatures of seasonal adaptation occurring in parallel among Drosophila melanogaster populations. Specifically, we estimated allele frequencies genome-wide from flies sampled early and late in the growing season from 20 widely dispersed populations. We identified parallel seasonal allele frequency shifts across North America and Europe, demonstrating that seasonal adaptation is a general phenomenon of temperate fly populations. Seasonally fluctuating polymorphisms are enriched in large chromosomal inversions, and we find a broad concordance between seasonal and spatial allele frequency change. The direction of allele frequency change at seasonally variable polymorphisms can be predicted by weather conditions in the weeks prior to sampling, linking the environment and the genomic response to selection. Our results suggest that fluctuating selection is an important evolutionary force affecting patterns of genetic variation in Drosophila.

SUBMITTER: Machado HE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8248982 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Broad geographic sampling reveals the shared basis and environmental correlates of seasonal adaptation in <i>Drosophila</i>.

Machado Heather E HE Bergland Alan O AO Taylor Ryan R Tilk Susanne S Behrman Emily E Dyer Kelly K Fabian Daniel K DK Flatt Thomas T González Josefa J Karasov Talia L TL Kim Bernard B Kozeretska Iryna I Lazzaro Brian P BP Merritt Thomas Js TJ Pool John E JE O'Brien Katherine K Rajpurohit Subhash S Roy Paula R PR Schaeffer Stephen W SW Serga Svitlana S Schmidt Paul P Petrov Dmitri A DA

eLife 20210622

To advance our understanding of adaptation to temporally varying selection pressures, we identified signatures of seasonal adaptation occurring in parallel among <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> populations. Specifically, we estimated allele frequencies genome-wide from flies sampled early and late in the growing season from 20 widely dispersed populations. We identified parallel seasonal allele frequency shifts across North America and Europe, demonstrating that seasonal adaptation is a general p ...[more]

PMID: 34155971

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Project description:Understanding how populations adapt to their environment is increasingly important to prevent biodiversity loss due to overexploitation and climate change. Here we studied the population structure and genetic basis of local adaptation of Atlantic horse mackerel, a commercially and ecologically important marine fish that has one of the widest distributions in the eastern Atlantic. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing and environmental data of samples collected from the North Sea to North Africa and the western Mediterranean Sea. Our genomic approach indicated low population structure with a major split between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean and between locations north and south of mid-Portugal. Populations from the North Sea are the most genetically distinct in the Atlantic. We discovered that most population structure patterns are driven by a few highly differentiated putatively adaptive loci. Seven loci discriminate the North Sea, two the Mediterranean Sea, and a large putative inversion (9.9 Mb) on chromosome 21 underlines the north-south divide and distinguishes North Africa. A genome-environment association analysis indicates that mean seawater temperature and temperature range, or factors correlated to them, are likely the main environmental drivers of local adaptation. Our genomic data broadly support the current stock divisions, but highlight areas of potential mixing, which require further investigation. Moreover, we demonstrate that as few as 17 highly informative SNPs can genetically discriminate the North Sea and North African samples from neighboring populations. Our study highlights the importance of both, life history and climate-related selective pressures in shaping population structure patterns in marine fish. It also supports that chromosomal rearrangements play a key role in local adaptation with gene flow. This study provides the basis for more accurate delineation of the horse mackerel stocks and paves the way for improving stock assessments.

Dataset Information

Broad geographic sampling reveals the shared basis and environmental correlates of seasonal adaptation in Drosophila.

Publications

Broad geographic sampling reveals the shared basis and environmental correlates of seasonal adaptation in <i>Drosophila</i>.

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