Pathobiology questions raised by telogen effluvium and trichodynia in COVID-19 patients.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Di Landro A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8250761 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Pathobiology questions raised by telogen effluvium and trichodynia in COVID-19 patients.
Di Landro Anna A Naldi Luigi L Glaser Ella E Paus Ralf R Tosti Antonella A
Experimental dermatology 20210504 7
Similar Datasets
Project description:COVID-19 is a febrile, infectious illness that has previously been associated with telogen effluvium (TE). However, to date, no study has been conducted to determine the incidence of TE in those who have had COVID-19. To assess the frequency of TE in post-COVID-19 patients and the correlation between the development of TE and the severity of COVID-19, to understand whether emotional stress or medications are responsible for the development of TE. Totally 204 patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the last 3 months were included in the study. The diagnosis of TE was made by history of excessive hair shedding, hair pull test, diffuse or bitemporal thinning, and absence of anisotrichosis in trichoscopy. Patients who did not have any TE cause other than COVID-19 and whose hair loss started after COVID-19 were considered as "COVID-19 associated TE (CATE)." We found TE in 75 (36.7%) cases and androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in 85 (41.7%) cases. CATE was present in 27.9% of cases and developed on average 53.76 (± 23.772) days after COVID-19 real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity. The proportion of patients with CATE was numerically higher in hospitalized patients compared to outpatients (31.7% vs. 24.3%; p = 0.238); and significantly higher in women compared to men (42.3% vs. 6.2%; p < 0.001), in patients with hypertension compared to those without hypertension (40.4% vs. 23.1%; p = 0.014), and in patients who had respiratory symptoms compared to those who had not (31.7% vs. 14.0%; p = 0.021). The patients with and without CATE were similar in terms of stress level and usage of COVID-19 medications. Patients with AGA had a higher rate of hospitalization (69.4% vs. 35.3%; p < 0.001) and a higher incidence of fever (69.4% vs. 54.6%; p = 0.033) during COVID-19, compared to those without. TE developed in approximately one-quarter of people who have had COVID-19, and our study is the first to detect it. The time to onset of CATE, which was 7-8 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positivity, was not much different from post-infectious TE. Patients with severe COVID-19 seem to be more prone to develop TE. The presence of AGA is associated with a more severe COVID-19. During the pandemic, clinicians should consider a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients presenting with hair loss.
| S-EPMC8646871 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8294706 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC5368162 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8027097 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) may be primary or secondary to various causes, including drug reaction, nutritional deficiency and female pattern hair loss (FPHL). Oral minoxidil stimulates hair growth, and topical minoxidil is used in the treatment of FPHL and male androgenetic alopecia. minoxidil has not been used to treat CTE. This study aimed to assess the treatment of CTE with once daily oral minoxidil. Methods: Women with a diagnosis of CTE based on >6 month history of increased telogen hair shedding, no visible mid frontal scalp hair loss (Sinclair stage 1) and no hair follicle miniaturization on scalp biopsy were treated with once daily oral minoxidil. Hair shedding scores (HSS) at baseline, 6 and 12 months were analysed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test for pair-wise comparisons. Results: Thirty-six women were treated with oral minoxidil (range, 0.25-2.5 mg) daily for 6 months. Mean age was 46.9 years (range 20-83), HSS at baseline was 5.64, and duration of diagnosis was 6.55 years (range 1-27). There was a reduction in mean HSS scores from baseline to 6 months of 1.7 (p<0.001) and baseline to 12 months of 2.58 (p<0.001). Five women who described trichodynia at baseline, noted improvement or resolution within 3 months. Mean change in blood pressure was minus 0.5 mmHg systolic and plus 2.1 mmHg diastolic. Two patients developed transient postural dizziness that resolved with continued treatment. One patient developed ankle oedema. Thirteen women developed facial hypertrichosis. For 6 patients this was mild and did not require treatment; 4 had waxing of their upper lip or forehead; 3 had laser hair removal. No patients developed any haematological abnormality. All 36 women completed 12 months of treatment. Conclusions: Once daily oral minoxidil appears to reduce hair shedding in CTE. Placebo controlled studies are recommended to further assess this response.
| S-EPMC5676194 | biostudies-literature
Project description:COVID-19 vaccines have positively changed the course of the pandemic. They entered the market after only one year of the initial trials, which that yielded positive results in terms of safety and efficacy. However, after inoculating billions of people in the most extensive vaccination campaign worldwide, mild but common and some rare but potentially fatal adverse events have been reported. Among several self-reported adverse events, hair loss and alopecia have been linked to COVID-19 mRNA or viral vector vaccines. We tracked and followed a series of five cases with post-vaccine telogen effluvium and alopecia development in Ecuador. Here, we reported the clinical presentation of two women and three men with the diagnosis of post-vaccine hair loss. All patients received a heterologous vaccination scheme (mRNA and attenuated virus vaccine) with an additional viral vector booster associated with the apparition of telogen effluvium and alopecia universalis between 3 and 17 days after the vaccine was administered.
| S-EPMC9968192 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8664718 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTelogen effluvium (TE) is a form of alopecia characterized by diffuse hair shedding. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a role in hair cycle regulation as it is expressed in follicular keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells.PurposeTo investigate the association between Cdx1 and Taq1 VDR gene polymorphisms and chronic TE.MethodsThirty female patients with chronic TE were selected and 30 healthy, age- and sex-matched volunteers were included as a control group. Detection of VDR gene polymorphisms Taq1 and Cdx1 was done by real-time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsRegarding Taq 1, CC genotype was present in 30% of cases versus 3.3% of controls. TC genotype was present in 33.3% of cases and 36.7% of controls. CC genotype was significantly associated with cases (P=0.01). It increases the risk of chronic TE by 14.7 folds. C allele was significantly associated with patient group (P=0.004). It increases the risk of disease occurrence by 3.1 folds. Regarding Cdx1, AA genotype was present in 6.7% of cases versus 3.3% of controls. GA genotype was present in approximately 30% of cases and 6.7% of controls. GA genotype was significantly associated with cases (P=0.03). It increases the risk of chronic TE by 6.3 folds. A allele was significantly associated with patient group (P=0.007). It increases the risk of disease occurrence by 3.8 folds.LimitationsThe main limitation is the small number of cases due to the time and financial constraints. Only chronic TE was analyzed, therefore, other types should be investigated in the following studies.ConclusionAfter exposure to primary physical or mental stressor, hair follicles are stimulated to enter prematurely into telogen and shed out. In individuals with Taq1 and Cdx1 polymorphisms, the disease persists as a result of prevention of new anagen growth and inhibition of hair follicle stem cell proliferation.
| S-EPMC6790134 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionALRV5XR treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and telogen effluvium (TE) has early evidence of regenerating a normal scalp hair phenotype in both sexes.DesignWe performed two 24-week double-blinded placebo-controlled comparison trials, one in each sex, on the ALRV5XR treatment effect on hair regeneration, in AGA and TE, in 92 AGA subjects (24 also had TE). Forty-six women (age 24-64 years) and 46 men (age 22-63 years) were randomized 1:1 to either ALRV5XR or placebo regimens (one b.i.d. oral capsule and daily administration of shampoo, conditioner, and follicle serum).EvaluationPrimary outcomes: Absolute and relative changes in terminal hair (TH) density. Secondary outcomes: Response rate, changes in vellus hair (VH) density, TH/VH ratio, hair diameter, growth, and shedding rate.ResultsForty-one women (20 ALRV5XR, 21 placebo) and 36 men (17 ALRV5XR, 19 placebo) completed the trials. TH outcome was evaluable for 18 and 21 women and 11 and 11 men (ALRV5XR, placebo, respectively). Efficacy in women: 30.1 THs/cm2 (p = 0.0002) and 19.7% (p = 0.0016). Efficacy in men: 21.0 THs/cm2 (p = 0.0014) and 16.4% (p = 0.0012). 66.7% of women and 100% of men responded to ALRV5XR. TH/VH ratio for men increased 33.0% (p = 0.0033). Growth rate in women increased by 30.7 μm/24 h (p < 0.0001) and 10.0% (p < 0.0001). There were no adverse events reported.Conclusion and relevanceALRV5XR induced significant regrowth of TH. Accelerating regrowth by reactivation of dormant telogen follicles were the dominant effects in women. Thickening of miniaturized hair and regrowth of dormant telogen follicles contributed equally to the increased TH seen in men (see Graphical Abstract).
| S-EPMC9421616 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-BSST416 | biostudies-other