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Impacts of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, sleep efficiency, and conventional risk factors on home hypertension in a general Japanese population.

ABSTRACT: Recently, a high urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio and reduced sleep efficiency, in addition to conventional risk factors (obesity and excess alcohol intake), have been identified as risk factors for hypertension. We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for home hypertension due to these risk factors in a general Japanese population. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 1384 participants (393 men and 991 women) to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the presence of any of the conventional risk factors using multivariable logistic regression analyses. The models were adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, and log-transformed average daily steps. We also estimated the OR and 95% CI for the presence of any of the overall risk factors. Furthermore, we calculated the PAF due to these risk factors. The results showed that the prevalence of home hypertension was 39.0% (540/1384). The presence of any of the conventional risk factors, as well as any of the overall risk factors, was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension (OR 2.80, 95% CI 2.15-3.65; OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.93-3.22, respectively). The PAF for hypertension due to the presence of any of the conventional risk factors and the PAF due to the presence of any of the overall risk factors were 30.2% and 39.0%, respectively. In conclusion, the impact of the overall risk factors, including the urinary Na/K ratio and sleep efficiency, on home hypertension was higher than that of conventional risk factors alone. The management of the urinary Na/K ratio and sleep efficiency as well as conventional risk factors might be important in the management of blood pressure.

SUBMITTER: Hirata T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8255210 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impacts of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, sleep efficiency, and conventional risk factors on home hypertension in a general Japanese population.

Hirata Takumi T Kogure Mana M Tsuchiya Naho N Miyagawa Ken K Narita Akira A Nochioka Kotaro K Uruno Akira A Obara Taku T Nakamura Tomohiro T Nakaya Naoki N Metoki Hirohito H Kikuya Masahiro M Sugawara Junichi J Kuriyama Shinichi S Tsuji Ichiro I Kure Shigeo S Hozawa Atsushi A

Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension 20210215 7

Recently, a high urinary sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio and reduced sleep efficiency, in addition to conventional risk factors (obesity and excess alcohol intake), have been identified as risk factors for hypertension. We estimated the population attributable fraction (PAF) for home hypertension due to these risk factors in a general Japanese population. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 1384 participants (393 men and 991 women) to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence i ...[more]

PMID: 33589797

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Project description:Background: PAHO-WHO reports that sodium intake is currently high in the Caribbean. The objective was to estimate sodium (Na) and potassium (K) intakes by 72 h dietary recall and compare them with those obtained from 24 h urinary excretion in Dominican adults. Methods: A total of 69 adults (33 men) completed a 3-day dietary recall with emphasis on added salt and seasonings. The 24 h urine samples were analysed by indirect potentiometry using the membrane ion-selective electrode technique. The WHO-PAHO Questionnaire on Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour toward Dietary Salt and Health was completed. Results: Dietary Na intake ranged from 1.0 to 8.3 g. Median dietary and urinary Na concentrations were similar (2.7 and 2.5 mmol/d). Mean dietary Na and K concretertentrations were higher than those excreted in 24 h urine (133.0 ± 59.7 vs. 103.7 ± 44.5 mmol Na/d, p = 0.001; 69.0 ± 21.0 vs. 36 ± 16.3 mmol K/d, p < 0.001). The Na-to-K ratio was lower in dietary than in 24 h urine samples (2.0 ± 1.1 vs. 3.2 ± 1.6 mmol/d, p < 0.001). Urinary Na concentration was associated with sex (r = 0.280, p = 0.020) and obesity (r = 0.244, p = 0.043) and K with sex (r = 0.356, p = 0.003). Urinary Na-to-K was inversely related to age (r= -0.291, p = 0.015). Sex and obesity explained 11% of the variance in urinary Na concentration and sex only of the variance in urinary K concentration. The only significant correlation between dietary and urinary concentrations was that of K (r = 0.342, p = 0.004). This correlation matrix, controlled for overweight and sex, maintained the level of significance and was equal in almost 12% of the data. Conclusions: These data, which are the first data on Na and K intakes in Dominicans assessed by dietary assessment, showed a higher mean sodium intake (mean of dietary recall and urinary excretion data: 2.7 g Na, 6.8 g salt/day) and a lower K intake (2.06 g/day) than the WHO recommendations (<2.0 g Na, ≥3.5 g K). Potassium, but not sodium, intake from 72 h food recall and 24 h urinary excretion showed a correlation when controlling for sex and obesity, but not enough to consider them interchangeable.

Dataset Information

Impacts of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, sleep efficiency, and conventional risk factors on home hypertension in a general Japanese population.

Publications

Impacts of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, sleep efficiency, and conventional risk factors on home hypertension in a general Japanese population.

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